The sister chromatids do not end up in the same daughter cell, rather they are split apart equally into two daughter cells. Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

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Chapter 18, Problem 22Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sister chromatids do not end up in the same daughter cell, rather they are split apart equally into two daughter cells.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences if a mitotic error occurs where the sister chromatids end up in the same daughter cell.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Question #5: Assume that two genes are identified that confer gametophytic facultative apomixis in soybean. The genes show independent assortment. Recessive alleles at both loci are required for the facultative apomixis. Facultative apomixis is triggered when the temperature at pollination is above 20 degrees C. At temperatures below 20 degrees C, all reproduction is sexual, independent of genotype. A facultative apomict male, capable of producing viable pollen, was crossed with a sexually reproducing female. Assuming the parents are completely inbred, what are the predicted phenotypic ratios (apomict: non-apomict) for the F1, F2, and DH (F1-derived) generations at each of the following temperatures*: a) 15°C? b) 25°C? *for full credit, show crosses and genotypes where appropriate. Remember to position the female first (left side) in the cross. Type your answer here:

a. What percentage of a drug is eliminated after 4 half-lives? Please round to the nearest percent. b. What will happen to elimination of the drug in the previous question if the system is saturated? explain and show any math involved

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 22Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sister chromatids do not end up in the same daughter cell, rather they are split apart equally into two daughter cells.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences if a mitotic error occurs where the sister chromatids end up in the same daughter cell.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 22Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sister chromatids do not end up in the same daughter cell, rather they are split apart equally into two daughter cells.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences if a mitotic error occurs where the sister chromatids end up in the same daughter cell.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 22Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sister chromatids do not end up in the same daughter cell, rather they are split apart equally into two daughter cells.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences if a mitotic error occurs where the sister chromatids end up in the same daughter cell.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 22Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sister chromatids do not end up in the same daughter cell, rather they are split apart equally into two daughter cells.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences if a mitotic error occurs where the sister chromatids end up in the same daughter cell.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 22Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sister chromatids do not end up in the same daughter cell, rather they are split apart equally into two daughter cells.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 22Q

Summary Introduction

To explain: The sister chromatids do not end up in the same daughter cell, rather they are split apart equally into two daughter cells.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Answer 8

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences if a mitotic error occurs where the sister chromatids end up in the same daughter cell.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Answer 9

Summary Introduction

To explain: The consequences if a mitotic error occurs where the sister chromatids end up in the same daughter cell.

Introduction: During the S phase of cell cycle, the DNA undergoes replication and two copies of DNA are produced, which are condensed to form sister chromatid structure bound to a centromere. The cell cycle process involves the cell division, M phase. The M phase has four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. In each of these phases, the chromosomes are aligned accordingly, so that each daughter cell receives only one copy of the chromosome each. In somatic cells, where mitosis takes place, the chromosomes are present in diploid number that is two copies of the same gene as alleles are present. The alleles can be homozygous or heterozygous.

Answer 10

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Ch. 18 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 18 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 18 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 18 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 18 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 18 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 18 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 18 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 18 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 18 - Prob. 10Q

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