Concept explainers
A powerful approach to identifying genes of a developmental pathway is to screen for mutations that suppress or enhance the
a. A
b. In a complementary experiment, a gain
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- a. Describe two ways you could potentially make atransgene that would inhibit the function of a specific gene in a transgenic organism. (Hint: For oneof these techniques, recall the discussion of RNAinterference in Chapter 17.)b. Discuss how you could use either of these methodsto construct a mouse model for a recessive humangenetic condition associated with a loss of function, such as cystic fibrosis.arrow_forwarda. The eyeless gene is required for eye formation in Drosophila. It encodes a homeodomain. What would you predict about the biochemical function of the Eyeless protein?b. Where would you predict that the eyeless gene is expressed in development? How would you test your prediction? c. The Small eye and Aniridia genes of mice and humans, respectively, encode proteins with very strong sequence similarity to the fly Eyeless protein, and they are named for their effects on eye development. Devise one test to examine whether the mouse and human genes are functionally equivalent to the fly eyeless gene.arrow_forwardGene X is expressed in the developing brain, heart, andlungs of mice. Mutations that selectively affect gene Xfunction in these three tissues map to three differentregions (A, B, and C, respectively) 5′ of the X codingregion.a. Explain the nature of these mutations.b. Draw a map of the X locus consistent with the preceding information.c. How would you test the function of the A, B, and Cregions?arrow_forward
- Please explain in detailarrow_forwardExplain one experimental strategy for determining the functional role of the mouse HoxD-3 gene.arrow_forwardConcerning the Tools of Genetics Box Analysis ofCell-Cycle Mutants in Yeast:a. Describe how you would use replica plating ofmutagenized, haploid yeast cells to identifytemperature-sensitive (ts) mutations in essentialgenes needed for yeast growth and survival.b. Among the many ts mutations you found in part(a), how would you distinguish mutations in genesneeded for cell-cycle progression from those ingenes needed for other aspects of the life of yeasts?c. If you had a large collection of yeast cell-cyclemutants, how would you determine which of themutations are in the same gene and which are indifferent genes?arrow_forward
- Using a transgenic technique, propose an experiment to determine whether Cdx2 is sufficient for trophoblast development in the mouse embryo. Describe two results that you would expect to observe at the blastocyst stage if Cdx2 is indeed sufficient for trophoblast development. Be as specific as possible regarding the transgene that you propose for this experiment (including what gene's enhancer you would use in the transgene). Note: you do not need to explain the details of how a transgenic mouse is made. Describe the experiment in steps (Step 1: ..., Step 2: ... etc) and please keep your answer to under 150 words. tips: DONT talk about stop cassetes/memory cassetes, focus on transgenes Paper called "Cdx2 is required for correct cell fate specification and differentiation of trophectoderm in the mouse blastocyst" gave lots of results that you might see,, 6 diff ways that cdx2 is required for trophoblasts need specific gene enhancer (dont just say "expressed enhancer in genital…arrow_forwardSometimes, genes transferred into the mouse genomeby pronuclear injection disrupt a gene at the (random)site of integration, resulting in a mutation. In one suchcase, investigators identified a recessive mutation thatcauses limb deformity in transgenic mice.a. The mutant phenotype could be due to the insertion of the transgene in a particular chromosomalsite, or a chance point mutation that arose somewhere in the mouse genome different from the integration site. How could you distinguish betweenthese two possibilities?b. The mutation in this example was in fact caused bythe insertion of the transgene. How could you usethis transgene insertion as a tag for identifying themutant gene responsible for the aberrant limbphenotype?arrow_forwarda. What type of plot is this? What do the little dots above the dotted line represent? b. The labels above the peaks represent human gene names involved in ALS. Based on the data shown here, which would be the first gene you'd like to investigate further and why?arrow_forward
- Please express the following in detailarrow_forwardThis data shows the efficacy of different treatments on the survival rates of patients with glioblastomas, as well as methylated, and on methylated MGMT promoters. A. Explain the trends in the figure B. Relate MGMT methylation to the central dogma/flow of genetic information, and how genes are expressed. arrow_forwardNot all inherited traits are determined by nuclear genes (i.e., genes located in the cell nucleus) that are expressed during the life of an individual. In particular, maternal effect genes and mitochondrial DNA are notable exceptions. With these ideas in mind, let’s consider the cloning of a sheep (e.g., Dolly). A. With regard to maternal effect genes, is the phenotype of such a cloned animal determined by the animal that donated the enucleatedegg or by the animal that donated the somatic cell nucleus? Explain.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning