(a) Interpretation: The functional groups of terfenadine needs to be determined. Concept introduction: The functional groups are attached to carbon skeleton in any organic molecule which determines the properties of the organic molecule. Some of the functional groups are hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The functional groups of terfenadine needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The functional groups are attached to carbon skeleton in any organic molecule which determines the properties of the organic molecule. Some of the functional groups are hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given amine needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰.

Concept introduction:

The derivative of ammonia is known as amines. In these, one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced alkyl or aryl group. They can be called as alkylamines and arylamines.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The alcohol needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰in given structure.

Concept introduction:

An alcohol can be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

In alcohols, hydrogen atoms of the C atom directly attached to the -OH group can be replaced by an alkyl or aryl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether there is any 4⁰ or quaternary carbon in the given structure or not needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If carbon atom is attached to 4 other carbon atoms, then it is labeled as a 4⁰ or quaternary carbon. The hydrocarbons with at least 5 carbon atoms can have quaternary carbon. This can not be possible in the case of linear alkanes.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The chiral centers of terfenadine molecule needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The molecules with a chiral center that can form a superimposable mirror image and known as enantiomers. There should not be any plane of symmetry in a molecule to be chiral. A plane that bisects a molecule into two equal halves is known as a plane of symmetry. If there is a plane of symmetry in a molecule and it is identical to any of its mirror image, it is considered as achiral. The chiral center is carbon attached to 4 different groups attached to it.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of terfenadinehydrochloride molecule needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Terfenadinehydrochloride can be defined as the hydrochloride salt of terfenadine. Terfenadine can be introduced as an antihistamine. Terfenadine is used in the treatment of allergies.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The functional groups of terfenadine needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The functional groups are attached to carbon skeleton in any organic molecule which determines the properties of the organic molecule. Some of the functional groups are hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given amine needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰.

Concept introduction:

The derivative of ammonia is known as amines. In these, one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced alkyl or aryl group. They can be called as alkylamines and arylamines.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The alcohol needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰in given structure.

Concept introduction:

An alcohol can be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

In alcohols, hydrogen atoms of the C atom directly attached to the -OH group can be replaced by an alkyl or aryl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether there is any 4⁰ or quaternary carbon in the given structure or not needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If carbon atom is attached to 4 other carbon atoms, then it is labeled as a 4⁰ or quaternary carbon. The hydrocarbons with at least 5 carbon atoms can have quaternary carbon. This can not be possible in the case of linear alkanes.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The chiral centers of terfenadine molecule needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The molecules with a chiral center that can form a superimposable mirror image and known as enantiomers. There should not be any plane of symmetry in a molecule to be chiral. A plane that bisects a molecule into two equal halves is known as a plane of symmetry. If there is a plane of symmetry in a molecule and it is identical to any of its mirror image, it is considered as achiral. The chiral center is carbon attached to 4 different groups attached to it.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of terfenadinehydrochloride molecule needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Terfenadinehydrochloride can be defined as the hydrochloride salt of terfenadine. Terfenadine can be introduced as an antihistamine. Terfenadine is used in the treatment of allergies.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The functional groups of terfenadine needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The functional groups are attached to carbon skeleton in any organic molecule which determines the properties of the organic molecule. Some of the functional groups are hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given amine needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰.

Concept introduction:

The derivative of ammonia is known as amines. In these, one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced alkyl or aryl group. They can be called as alkylamines and arylamines.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The alcohol needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰in given structure.

Concept introduction:

An alcohol can be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

In alcohols, hydrogen atoms of the C atom directly attached to the -OH group can be replaced by an alkyl or aryl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether there is any 4⁰ or quaternary carbon in the given structure or not needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If carbon atom is attached to 4 other carbon atoms, then it is labeled as a 4⁰ or quaternary carbon. The hydrocarbons with at least 5 carbon atoms can have quaternary carbon. This can not be possible in the case of linear alkanes.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The chiral centers of terfenadine molecule needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The molecules with a chiral center that can form a superimposable mirror image and known as enantiomers. There should not be any plane of symmetry in a molecule to be chiral. A plane that bisects a molecule into two equal halves is known as a plane of symmetry. If there is a plane of symmetry in a molecule and it is identical to any of its mirror image, it is considered as achiral. The chiral center is carbon attached to 4 different groups attached to it.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of terfenadinehydrochloride molecule needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Terfenadinehydrochloride can be defined as the hydrochloride salt of terfenadine. Terfenadine can be introduced as an antihistamine. Terfenadine is used in the treatment of allergies.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The functional groups of terfenadine needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The functional groups are attached to carbon skeleton in any organic molecule which determines the properties of the organic molecule. Some of the functional groups are hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given amine needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰.

Concept introduction:

The derivative of ammonia is known as amines. In these, one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced alkyl or aryl group. They can be called as alkylamines and arylamines.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The alcohol needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰in given structure.

Concept introduction:

An alcohol can be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

In alcohols, hydrogen atoms of the C atom directly attached to the -OH group can be replaced by an alkyl or aryl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether there is any 4⁰ or quaternary carbon in the given structure or not needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If carbon atom is attached to 4 other carbon atoms, then it is labeled as a 4⁰ or quaternary carbon. The hydrocarbons with at least 5 carbon atoms can have quaternary carbon. This can not be possible in the case of linear alkanes.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The chiral centers of terfenadine molecule needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The molecules with a chiral center that can form a superimposable mirror image and known as enantiomers. There should not be any plane of symmetry in a molecule to be chiral. A plane that bisects a molecule into two equal halves is known as a plane of symmetry. If there is a plane of symmetry in a molecule and it is identical to any of its mirror image, it is considered as achiral. The chiral center is carbon attached to 4 different groups attached to it.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of terfenadinehydrochloride molecule needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Terfenadinehydrochloride can be defined as the hydrochloride salt of terfenadine. Terfenadine can be introduced as an antihistamine. Terfenadine is used in the treatment of allergies.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The functional groups of terfenadine needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The functional groups are attached to carbon skeleton in any organic molecule which determines the properties of the organic molecule. Some of the functional groups are hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given amine needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰.

Concept introduction:

The derivative of ammonia is known as amines. In these, one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced alkyl or aryl group. They can be called as alkylamines and arylamines.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The alcohol needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰in given structure.

Concept introduction:

An alcohol can be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

In alcohols, hydrogen atoms of the C atom directly attached to the -OH group can be replaced by an alkyl or aryl group.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether there is any 4⁰ or quaternary carbon in the given structure or not needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If carbon atom is attached to 4 other carbon atoms, then it is labeled as a 4⁰ or quaternary carbon. The hydrocarbons with at least 5 carbon atoms can have quaternary carbon. This can not be possible in the case of linear alkanes.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The chiral centers of terfenadine molecule needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The molecules with a chiral center that can form a superimposable mirror image and known as enantiomers. There should not be any plane of symmetry in a molecule to be chiral. A plane that bisects a molecule into two equal halves is known as a plane of symmetry. If there is a plane of symmetry in a molecule and it is identical to any of its mirror image, it is considered as achiral. The chiral center is carbon attached to 4 different groups attached to it.

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of terfenadinehydrochloride molecule needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Terfenadinehydrochloride can be defined as the hydrochloride salt of terfenadine. Terfenadine can be introduced as an antihistamine. Terfenadine is used in the treatment of allergies.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The functional groups of terfenadine needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The functional groups are attached to carbon skeleton in any organic molecule which determines the properties of the organic molecule. Some of the functional groups are hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.84P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The functional groups of terfenadine needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The functional groups are attached to carbon skeleton in any organic molecule which determines the properties of the organic molecule. Some of the functional groups are hydroxyl, methyl, carbonyl, carboxyl, amino, phosphate, and sulfhydryl.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given amine needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰.

Concept introduction:

The derivative of ammonia is known as amines. In these, one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced alkyl or aryl group. They can be called as alkylamines and arylamines.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The given amine needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰.

Concept introduction:

The derivative of ammonia is known as amines. In these, one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced alkyl or aryl group. They can be called as alkylamines and arylamines.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The alcohol needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰in given structure.

Concept introduction:

An alcohol can be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

In alcohols, hydrogen atoms of the C atom directly attached to the -OH group can be replaced by an alkyl or aryl group.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The alcohol needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰in given structure.

Concept introduction:

An alcohol can be classified as primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols.

In alcohols, hydrogen atoms of the C atom directly attached to the -OH group can be replaced by an alkyl or aryl group.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether there is any 4⁰ or quaternary carbon in the given structure or not needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If carbon atom is attached to 4 other carbon atoms, then it is labeled as a 4⁰ or quaternary carbon. The hydrocarbons with at least 5 carbon atoms can have quaternary carbon. This can not be possible in the case of linear alkanes.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Whether there is any 4⁰ or quaternary carbon in the given structure or not needs to be determined.

Concept introduction:

If carbon atom is attached to 4 other carbon atoms, then it is labeled as a 4⁰ or quaternary carbon. The hydrocarbons with at least 5 carbon atoms can have quaternary carbon. This can not be possible in the case of linear alkanes.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The chiral centers of terfenadine molecule needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The molecules with a chiral center that can form a superimposable mirror image and known as enantiomers. There should not be any plane of symmetry in a molecule to be chiral. A plane that bisects a molecule into two equal halves is known as a plane of symmetry. If there is a plane of symmetry in a molecule and it is identical to any of its mirror image, it is considered as achiral. The chiral center is carbon attached to 4 different groups attached to it.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

The chiral centers of terfenadine molecule needs to be labeled.

Concept Introduction:

The molecules with a chiral center that can form a superimposable mirror image and known as enantiomers. There should not be any plane of symmetry in a molecule to be chiral. A plane that bisects a molecule into two equal halves is known as a plane of symmetry. If there is a plane of symmetry in a molecule and it is identical to any of its mirror image, it is considered as achiral. The chiral center is carbon attached to 4 different groups attached to it.

Answer 16

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of terfenadinehydrochloride molecule needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Terfenadinehydrochloride can be defined as the hydrochloride salt of terfenadine. Terfenadine can be introduced as an antihistamine. Terfenadine is used in the treatment of allergies.

Answer 17

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of terfenadinehydrochloride molecule needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Terfenadinehydrochloride can be defined as the hydrochloride salt of terfenadine. Terfenadine can be introduced as an antihistamine. Terfenadine is used in the treatment of allergies.

Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 20

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Answer 21

Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18.3 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18.4 - Decaffeinated coffee is produced by extracting the...Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the functional groups of terfenadine are attached to carbon skeleton in any organic molecule.

Concept explainers

(b)

Interpretation:

The given amine needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰.

Concept introduction:

The derivative of ammonia is known as amines. In these, one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced alkyl or aryl group. They can be called as alkylamines and arylamines.

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of terfenadinehydrochloride molecule needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Terfenadinehydrochloride can be defined as the hydrochloride salt of terfenadine. Terfenadine can be introduced as an antihistamine. Terfenadine is used in the treatment of allergies.

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Chapter 18 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the functional groups of terfenadine are attached to carbon skeleton in any organic molecule.

Concept explainers

(b) Interpretation: The given amine needs to be labeled as 10, 20 or 30. Concept introduction: The derivative of ammonia is known as amines. In these, one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced alkyl or aryl group. They can be called as alkylamines and arylamines.

(f) Interpretation: The structure of terfenadinehydrochloride molecule needs to be drawn. Concept introduction: Terfenadinehydrochloride can be defined as the hydrochloride salt of terfenadine. Terfenadine can be introduced as an antihistamine. Terfenadine is used in the treatment of allergies.

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Chapter 18 Solutions

(b)

Interpretation:

The given amine needs to be labeled as 1⁰, 2⁰ or 3⁰.

Concept introduction:

The derivative of ammonia is known as amines. In these, one or more hydrogen atoms are replaced alkyl or aryl group. They can be called as alkylamines and arylamines.

(f)

Interpretation:

The structure of terfenadinehydrochloride molecule needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Terfenadinehydrochloride can be defined as the hydrochloride salt of terfenadine. Terfenadine can be introduced as an antihistamine. Terfenadine is used in the treatment of allergies.