Chapter 18, Problem 18.75P

The ${}^{\text{1}}\text{H}$ NMR spectrum of phenol ( ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{5}}\text{OH}$) shows three absorptions in the aromatic region: $6.70$ ( $2$ ortho $\text{H's}$), $7.14$ ( $2$ meta $\text{H's}$), and $6.80$ ( $1$ para $\text{H}$) $\text{ppm}$. Explain why the ortho and para absorptions occur at lower chemical shift than the meta absorption.