Synthesize each compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagents. a. o − butylchlorobenzene b. m − bromonitrobenzene c. d. e. f. g.

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P

Synthesize each compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagents.

a. o − butylchlorobenzene

b. m − bromonitrobenzene

c. Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P, Synthesize each compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagents. a. , example 1 d. e. f. g.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The first step in the synthesis is the chlorination of benzene. The next step is the Friedel-Craft acylation in which chlorobenzene reacts with butnoyl chloride. The last step is the clemmensen reduction to form the desired product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 2

The first step in the synthesis is the formation of nitrobenzene. The next step is the reaction of nitrobenzene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 3

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with concentrated sulfuric acid which results the addition of sulphonyl group at ortho position. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 4

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give benzoic acid followed by the reaction with methanol to form methyl benzoate. The reaction of nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid results in the formation of final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 5

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 6

The synthesis of given compound take place in four steps: Friedel-Craft alkylation, sulfonation, chlorination and at last oxidation.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 13

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 14

Figure 7

The first, second, third and fourth step involved in the synthesis of given compound is chlorination, Friedel-Craft acylation, Wittig reaction and nitration, respectively.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 7.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P

Synthesize each compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagents.

a. o − butylchlorobenzene

b. m − bromonitrobenzene

c. Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P, Synthesize each compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagents. a. , example 1 d. e. f. g.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The first step in the synthesis is the chlorination of benzene. The next step is the Friedel-Craft acylation in which chlorobenzene reacts with butnoyl chloride. The last step is the clemmensen reduction to form the desired product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 2

The first step in the synthesis is the formation of nitrobenzene. The next step is the reaction of nitrobenzene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 3

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with concentrated sulfuric acid which results the addition of sulphonyl group at ortho position. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 4

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give benzoic acid followed by the reaction with methanol to form methyl benzoate. The reaction of nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid results in the formation of final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 5

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 6

The synthesis of given compound take place in four steps: Friedel-Craft alkylation, sulfonation, chlorination and at last oxidation.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 13

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 14

Figure 7

The first, second, third and fourth step involved in the synthesis of given compound is chlorination, Friedel-Craft acylation, Wittig reaction and nitration, respectively.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 7.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P

Synthesize each compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagents.

a. o − butylchlorobenzene

b. m − bromonitrobenzene

c. Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P, Synthesize each compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagents. a. , example 1 d. e. f. g.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The first step in the synthesis is the chlorination of benzene. The next step is the Friedel-Craft acylation in which chlorobenzene reacts with butnoyl chloride. The last step is the clemmensen reduction to form the desired product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 2

The first step in the synthesis is the formation of nitrobenzene. The next step is the reaction of nitrobenzene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 3

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with concentrated sulfuric acid which results the addition of sulphonyl group at ortho position. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 4

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give benzoic acid followed by the reaction with methanol to form methyl benzoate. The reaction of nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid results in the formation of final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 5

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 6

The synthesis of given compound take place in four steps: Friedel-Craft alkylation, sulfonation, chlorination and at last oxidation.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 13

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 14

Figure 7

The first, second, third and fourth step involved in the synthesis of given compound is chlorination, Friedel-Craft acylation, Wittig reaction and nitration, respectively.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 7.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P

Synthesize each compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagents.

a. o − butylchlorobenzene

b. m − bromonitrobenzene

c. Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P, Synthesize each compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagents. a. , example 1 d. e. f. g.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The first step in the synthesis is the chlorination of benzene. The next step is the Friedel-Craft acylation in which chlorobenzene reacts with butnoyl chloride. The last step is the clemmensen reduction to form the desired product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 2

The first step in the synthesis is the formation of nitrobenzene. The next step is the reaction of nitrobenzene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 3

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with concentrated sulfuric acid which results the addition of sulphonyl group at ortho position. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 4

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give benzoic acid followed by the reaction with methanol to form methyl benzoate. The reaction of nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid results in the formation of final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 5

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 6

The synthesis of given compound take place in four steps: Friedel-Craft alkylation, sulfonation, chlorination and at last oxidation.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 13

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 14

Figure 7

The first, second, third and fourth step involved in the synthesis of given compound is chlorination, Friedel-Craft acylation, Wittig reaction and nitration, respectively.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 7.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The first step in the synthesis is the chlorination of benzene. The next step is the Friedel-Craft acylation in which chlorobenzene reacts with butnoyl chloride. The last step is the clemmensen reduction to form the desired product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 2

The first step in the synthesis is the formation of nitrobenzene. The next step is the reaction of nitrobenzene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 3

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with concentrated sulfuric acid which results the addition of sulphonyl group at ortho position. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 4

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give benzoic acid followed by the reaction with methanol to form methyl benzoate. The reaction of nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid results in the formation of final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 5

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 6

The synthesis of given compound take place in four steps: Friedel-Craft alkylation, sulfonation, chlorination and at last oxidation.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 13

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 14

Figure 7

The first, second, third and fourth step involved in the synthesis of given compound is chlorination, Friedel-Craft acylation, Wittig reaction and nitration, respectively.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 7.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 1

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The first step in the synthesis is the chlorination of benzene. The next step is the Friedel-Craft acylation in which chlorobenzene reacts with butnoyl chloride. The last step is the clemmensen reduction to form the desired product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 1

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 1

The first step in the synthesis is the chlorination of benzene. The next step is the Friedel-Craft acylation in which chlorobenzene reacts with butnoyl chloride. The last step is the clemmensen reduction to form the desired product.

Answer 15

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 1.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 3

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 2

The first step in the synthesis is the formation of nitrobenzene. The next step is the reaction of nitrobenzene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer 21

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 3

Answer 22

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 2

The first step in the synthesis is the formation of nitrobenzene. The next step is the reaction of nitrobenzene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride to give the final product.

Answer 23

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 2.

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 5

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 3

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with concentrated sulfuric acid which results the addition of sulphonyl group at ortho position. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Expert Solution

Answer 27

Expert Solution

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer 29

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 5

Answer 30

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 3

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with concentrated sulfuric acid which results the addition of sulphonyl group at ortho position. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Answer 31

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 7

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 4

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give benzoic acid followed by the reaction with methanol to form methyl benzoate. The reaction of nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid results in the formation of final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Answer 33

Expert Solution

Answer 34

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer 37

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 7

Answer 38

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 4

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give benzoic acid followed by the reaction with methanol to form methyl benzoate. The reaction of nitric acid in the presence of sulphuric acid results in the formation of final product.

Answer 39

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 4.

Answer 40

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 9

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 5

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Answer 41

Expert Solution

Answer 42

Expert Solution

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer 44

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer 45

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 9

Answer 46

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 5

The first step in the synthesis is the conversion of benzene into toluene. The next step is the reaction of toluene with bromine in the presence of aluminum chloride. The last step is the oxidation of methyl group into acid in the presence of potassium permanganate to give the final product.

Answer 47

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 5.

Answer 48

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 11

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 6

The synthesis of given compound take place in four steps: Friedel-Craft alkylation, sulfonation, chlorination and at last oxidation.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Answer 49

Expert Solution

Answer 50

Expert Solution

Answer 51

Expert Solution

Answer 52

Interpretation Introduction

(f)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer 53

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 11

Answer 54

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 12

Figure 6

The synthesis of given compound take place in four steps: Friedel-Craft alkylation, sulfonation, chlorination and at last oxidation.

Answer 55

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 6.

Answer 56

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 13

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 14

Figure 7

The first, second, third and fourth step involved in the synthesis of given compound is chlorination, Friedel-Craft acylation, Wittig reaction and nitration, respectively.

Conclusion

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 7.

Answer 57

Expert Solution

Answer 58

Expert Solution

Answer 59

Expert Solution

Answer 60

Interpretation Introduction

(g)

Interpretation: The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is to be stated.

Concept introduction: The replacement or substitution of one functional group with another different functional group in any chemical reaction is termed as substitution reaction. The electron deficient chemical species that contains positive charge are known as electrophile. In electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, electrophile takes the position of hydrogen atom by attacking the electron rich carbon atom of benzene.

Answer 61

Answer to Problem 18.64P

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown below:

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 13

Answer 62

Explanation of Solution

The synthesis of given compound from benzene and any other organic or inorganic reagent is shown in Figure 3.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 18, Problem 18.64P , additional homework tip 14

Figure 7

The first, second, third and fourth step involved in the synthesis of given compound is chlorination, Friedel-Craft acylation, Wittig reaction and nitration, respectively.