(a) Interpretation: The circumstances under which a helium-neon laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser should be determined. Concept introduction: The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm . It contains 25 % of neon and 75 % of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Question

1,4-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene can undergo 1,2- or 1,4-addition with hydrogen halides. (a) 1,2-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,2-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,2-addition product formed during the reaction in (i)? (b) 1,4-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,4-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,4-addition product formed from the reaction in (i)? (c) What is the kinetic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobromic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (d) What is the thermodynamic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobro-mic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (e) What major product will result when 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene is treated with one mole of hydrobromic acid at - 78 deg * C ? Explain your reasoning.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.6QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a helium-neon laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a diode laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser or helium-neon laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The diode laser is a light creating device. It is uses semiconductor technology. It can convert electrical energy directly to the light. The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reasons of UV emitting sources are avoided should be determined.

Concept introduction:

UV rays are visible radiation as such as visible light, signals. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic radiation which transmitted with different frequencies.

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1,4-Dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene can undergo 1,2- or 1,4-addition with hydrogen halides. (a) 1,2-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,2-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,2-addition product formed during the reaction in (i)? (b) 1,4-Addition i. Draw the carbocation intermediate(s) formed during the 1,4-addition of hydrobromic acid to 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene. ii. What is the major 1,4-addition product formed from the reaction in (i)? (c) What is the kinetic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobromic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (d) What is the thermodynamic product from the reaction of one mole of hydrobro-mic acid with 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene? Explain your reasoning. (e) What major product will result when 1,4-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexadiene is treated with one mole of hydrobromic acid at - 78 deg * C ? Explain your reasoning.

Give the product of the bimolecular elimination from each of the isomeric halogenated compounds. Reaction A Reaction B. КОВ CH₂ HotBu +B+ ко HOIBU +Br+ Templates More QQQ Select Cv Templates More Cras QQQ One of these compounds undergoes elimination 50x faster than the other. Which one and why? Reaction A because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups and to each other Reaction A because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups gauche to each other. ◇ Reaction B because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups gach to each other. Reaction B because the conformation needed for elimination places the phenyl groups anti to each other.

Five isomeric alkenes. A through each undergo catalytic hydrogenation to give 2-methylpentane The IR spectra of these five alkenes have the key absorptions (in cm Compound Compound A –912. (§), 994 (5), 1643 (%), 3077 (1) Compound B 833 (3), 1667 (W), 3050 (weak shoulder on C-Habsorption) Compound C Compound D) –714 (5), 1665 (w), 3010 (m) 885 (3), 1650 (m), 3086 (m) 967 (5), no aharption 1600 to 1700, 3040 (m) Compound K Match each compound to the data presented. Compound A Compound B Compound C Compound D Compound

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.6QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a helium-neon laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a diode laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser or helium-neon laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The diode laser is a light creating device. It is uses semiconductor technology. It can convert electrical energy directly to the light. The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reasons of UV emitting sources are avoided should be determined.

Concept introduction:

UV rays are visible radiation as such as visible light, signals. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic radiation which transmitted with different frequencies.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.6QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a helium-neon laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a diode laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser or helium-neon laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The diode laser is a light creating device. It is uses semiconductor technology. It can convert electrical energy directly to the light. The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reasons of UV emitting sources are avoided should be determined.

Concept introduction:

UV rays are visible radiation as such as visible light, signals. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic radiation which transmitted with different frequencies.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.6QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a helium-neon laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a diode laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser or helium-neon laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The diode laser is a light creating device. It is uses semiconductor technology. It can convert electrical energy directly to the light. The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reasons of UV emitting sources are avoided should be determined.

Concept introduction:

UV rays are visible radiation as such as visible light, signals. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic radiation which transmitted with different frequencies.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.6QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a helium-neon laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a diode laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser or helium-neon laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The diode laser is a light creating device. It is uses semiconductor technology. It can convert electrical energy directly to the light. The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reasons of UV emitting sources are avoided should be determined.

Concept introduction:

UV rays are visible radiation as such as visible light, signals. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic radiation which transmitted with different frequencies.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.6QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a helium-neon laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.6QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a helium-neon laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a diode laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser or helium-neon laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The diode laser is a light creating device. It is uses semiconductor technology. It can convert electrical energy directly to the light. The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The circumstances under which a diode laser would be preferable to an argon-ion laser or helium-neon laser should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The diode laser is a light creating device. It is uses semiconductor technology. It can convert electrical energy directly to the light. The helium-neon laser is working at a wavelength of 632.8 nm. It contains 25% of neon and 75% of helium. The Argon-ion laser is a powerful gas laser. It generates multiples colour beam such as green or blue beam.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reasons of UV emitting sources are avoided should be determined.

Concept introduction:

UV rays are visible radiation as such as visible light, signals. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic radiation which transmitted with different frequencies.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The reasons of UV emitting sources are avoided should be determined.

Concept introduction:

UV rays are visible radiation as such as visible light, signals. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic radiation which transmitted with different frequencies.

Answer 12

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Answer 23

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1QAP Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2QAP Ch. 18 - An antihistamine shows sharp peaks at Raman shifts...Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4QAP Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5QAP Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6QAP Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7QAP Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8QAP Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9QAP

Solution Summary: The author explains that the helium-neon laser is a powerful gas laser that generates multiples colour beams under photochemical decomposition and background fluorescence.

(c)

Interpretation:

The reasons of UV emitting sources are avoided should be determined.

Concept introduction:

UV rays are visible radiation as such as visible light, signals. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic radiation which transmitted with different frequencies.

Chapter 18 Solutions

Solution Summary: The author explains that the helium-neon laser is a powerful gas laser that generates multiples colour beams under photochemical decomposition and background fluorescence.

(c) Interpretation: The reasons of UV emitting sources are avoided should be determined. Concept introduction: UV rays are visible radiation as such as visible light, signals. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic radiation which transmitted with different frequencies.

Chapter 18 Solutions

(c)

Interpretation:

The reasons of UV emitting sources are avoided should be determined.

Concept introduction:

UV rays are visible radiation as such as visible light, signals. Ultraviolet (UV) rays are electromagnetic radiation which transmitted with different frequencies.