(a)
Interpretation:
The two structures of the sugar fructose are given. The cyclic structure predominates in aqueous solution. The number of carbon atoms present in the cyclic structure and the
Concept introduction:
Carbohydrates and the sugars mainly exist as cyclic acetals and hemiacetals. The formation of acetals is similar to imine formation and has two steps. First is the acid catalyzed addition of the alcohol to the carbonyl group. Second is substitution of the protonated hemiacetals.
(b)
Interpretation:
The two structures of the sugar fructose are given. The cyclic structure predominates in aqueous solution. A mechanism for the cyclization of the given sugar structure is to be predicted.
Concept introduction:
The steps followed by the cyclization are stated below:
- The first step is the protonation of carbonyl group.
- The second step is cyclization by the attack of lone pair of oxygen on the carbonyl carbon.
- The third step is the deprotonation of cyclised fructose.

Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Chapter 18 Solutions
Organic Chemistry Plus Masteringchemistry With Pearson Etext, Global Edition
- Indicate the products obtained by mixing 2,2-dimethylpropanal with acetaldehyde and sodium ethoxide in ethanol.arrow_forwardSynthesize 2-Ethyl-3-methyloxirane from dimethyl(propyl)sulfonium iodide using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardSynthesize 2-Hydroxy-2-phenylacetonitrile from phenylmethanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forward
- Synthesize N-Methylcyclohexylamine from cyclohexanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardSynthesize N-Methylcyclohexylamine from cyclohexanol using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardIf possible, please provide the formula of the compound 3,3-dimethylbut-2-enal.arrow_forward
- Synthesize 1,4-dibromobenzene from acetanilide (N-phenylacetamide) using the necessary organic or inorganic reagents. Draw the structures of the compounds.arrow_forwardIndicate the products obtained by mixing (3-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide with sodium hydride.arrow_forwardWe mix N-ethyl-2-hexanamine with excess methyl iodide and followed by heating with aqueous Ag2O. Indicate the major products obtained.arrow_forward
- Indicate the products obtained by mixing acetophenone with iodine and NaOH.arrow_forwardIndicate the products obtained by mixing 2-Propanone and ethyllithium and performing a subsequent acid hydrolysis.arrow_forwardIndicate the products obtained if (E)-2-butenal and 3-oxo-butanenitrile are mixed with sodium ethoxide in ethanol.arrow_forward
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning


