The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents are to be represented. Concept introduction: Sodium Borohydride is the reducing agent that converts aldehyde to primary alcohol. Aldehyde forms acetals more readily than ketones . The selective reduction of the aldehyde is carried out by sodium borohydride in the aqueous form results in the formation of alcohols. The compound pyridinium chlorochromate denoted by ( PCC ) is called as Corey-Suggs reagent. It is used for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones. Acetals can be made easily from the aldehyde as well as ketones. They hydrolyze in the acidic conditions but stable to the attack of strong bases and nucleophiles. Grignard reagents are the organomagnesium halides. They are used as source of carbanions and react with electrophilic centers. When the aldehyde is protected as an acetal, it does not react with the Grignard reagent. Dilute aqueous acid protonates the alkoxide to give alcohol and hydrolyzes the acetals to give the aldehyde. In the Clemmensen reduction, the reduction of aldehyde or ketone to alkane in the presence of zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid occurs. To determine: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents.

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.48SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents are to be represented.

Concept introduction: Sodium Borohydride is the reducing agent that converts aldehyde to primary alcohol. Aldehyde forms acetals more readily than ketones. The selective reduction of the aldehyde is carried out by sodium borohydride in the aqueous form results in the formation of alcohols.

The compound pyridinium chlorochromate denoted by (PCC) is called as Corey-Suggs reagent. It is used for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones.

Acetals can be made easily from the aldehyde as well as ketones. They hydrolyze in the acidic conditions but stable to the attack of strong bases and nucleophiles. Grignard reagents are the organomagnesium halides. They are used as source of carbanions and react with electrophilic centers.

When the aldehyde is protected as an acetal, it does not react with the Grignard reagent. Dilute aqueous acid protonates the alkoxide to give alcohol and hydrolyzes the acetals to give the aldehyde.

In the Clemmensen reduction, the reduction of aldehyde or ketone to alkane in the presence of zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid occurs.

To determine: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents.

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The SN 1 mechanism starts with the rate-determining step which is the dissociation of the alkyl halide into a carbocation and a halide ion. The next step is the rapid reaction of the carbocation intermediate with the nucleophile; this step completes the nucleophilic substitution stage. The step that follows the nucleophilic substitution is a fast acid-base reaction. The nucleophile now acts as a base to remove the proton from the oxonium ion from the previous step, to give the observed product. Draw a curved arrow mechanism for the reaction, adding steps as necessary. Be sure to include all nonzero formal charges. Cl: Add/Remove step G Click and drag to start drawing a structure.

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Answer 2

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.48SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents are to be represented.

Concept introduction: Sodium Borohydride is the reducing agent that converts aldehyde to primary alcohol. Aldehyde forms acetals more readily than ketones. The selective reduction of the aldehyde is carried out by sodium borohydride in the aqueous form results in the formation of alcohols.

The compound pyridinium chlorochromate denoted by (PCC) is called as Corey-Suggs reagent. It is used for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones.

Acetals can be made easily from the aldehyde as well as ketones. They hydrolyze in the acidic conditions but stable to the attack of strong bases and nucleophiles. Grignard reagents are the organomagnesium halides. They are used as source of carbanions and react with electrophilic centers.

When the aldehyde is protected as an acetal, it does not react with the Grignard reagent. Dilute aqueous acid protonates the alkoxide to give alcohol and hydrolyzes the acetals to give the aldehyde.

In the Clemmensen reduction, the reduction of aldehyde or ketone to alkane in the presence of zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid occurs.

To determine: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.48SP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents are to be represented.

Concept introduction: Sodium Borohydride is the reducing agent that converts aldehyde to primary alcohol. Aldehyde forms acetals more readily than ketones. The selective reduction of the aldehyde is carried out by sodium borohydride in the aqueous form results in the formation of alcohols.

The compound pyridinium chlorochromate denoted by (PCC) is called as Corey-Suggs reagent. It is used for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes and ketones.

Acetals can be made easily from the aldehyde as well as ketones. They hydrolyze in the acidic conditions but stable to the attack of strong bases and nucleophiles. Grignard reagents are the organomagnesium halides. They are used as source of carbanions and react with electrophilic centers.

When the aldehyde is protected as an acetal, it does not react with the Grignard reagent. Dilute aqueous acid protonates the alkoxide to give alcohol and hydrolyzes the acetals to give the aldehyde.

In the Clemmensen reduction, the reduction of aldehyde or ketone to alkane in the presence of zinc amalgam and hydrochloric acid occurs.

To determine: The structures of the unknown compounds with the help of the given suitable reagents.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 18, Problem 18.48SP

Interpretation Introduction