(a) Interpretation: The products of the reaction between HCN and HO − are to be drawn. Concept introduction: The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H 2 O .

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.5YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction between HCN and HO− are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H2O.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The numerical factor by which the products side of the reaction between HCN and HO− is favored is to be determined from the appropriate pKa values.

Concept introduction:

In an acid-base reaction, the side with weaker acid (and base) is favored. The pKa values of the two acids in the reaction can be used to determine the factor by which that side is favored. The factor is given by the difference between the pKa values, 10Δ(pKa).

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Please answer the question and provide a detailed drawing of the structure. If there will not be a new C – C bond, then the box under the drawing area will be checked. Will the following reaction make a molecule with a new C – C bond as its major product: Draw the major organic product or products, if the reaction will work. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry.

Please do not use AI. AI cannot "see" the molecules properly, and it therefore gives the wrong answer while giving incorrect descriptions of the visual images we're looking at. All of these compounds would be produced (I think). In my book, I don't see any rules about yield in this case, like explaining that one product would be present in less yield for this reason or that reason. Please explain why some of these produce less yield than others.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.5YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction between HCN and HO− are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H2O.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The numerical factor by which the products side of the reaction between HCN and HO− is favored is to be determined from the appropriate pKa values.

Concept introduction:

In an acid-base reaction, the side with weaker acid (and base) is favored. The pKa values of the two acids in the reaction can be used to determine the factor by which that side is favored. The factor is given by the difference between the pKa values, 10Δ(pKa).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.5YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction between HCN and HO− are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H2O.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The numerical factor by which the products side of the reaction between HCN and HO− is favored is to be determined from the appropriate pKa values.

Concept introduction:

In an acid-base reaction, the side with weaker acid (and base) is favored. The pKa values of the two acids in the reaction can be used to determine the factor by which that side is favored. The factor is given by the difference between the pKa values, 10Δ(pKa).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.5YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction between HCN and HO− are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H2O.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The numerical factor by which the products side of the reaction between HCN and HO− is favored is to be determined from the appropriate pKa values.

Concept introduction:

In an acid-base reaction, the side with weaker acid (and base) is favored. The pKa values of the two acids in the reaction can be used to determine the factor by which that side is favored. The factor is given by the difference between the pKa values, 10Δ(pKa).

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.5YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction between HCN and HO− are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H2O.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The numerical factor by which the products side of the reaction between HCN and HO− is favored is to be determined from the appropriate pKa values.

Concept introduction:

In an acid-base reaction, the side with weaker acid (and base) is favored. The pKa values of the two acids in the reaction can be used to determine the factor by which that side is favored. The factor is given by the difference between the pKa values, 10Δ(pKa).

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.5YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction between HCN and HO− are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H2O.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.5YT

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction between HCN and HO− are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H2O.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The numerical factor by which the products side of the reaction between HCN and HO− is favored is to be determined from the appropriate pKa values.

Concept introduction:

In an acid-base reaction, the side with weaker acid (and base) is favored. The pKa values of the two acids in the reaction can be used to determine the factor by which that side is favored. The factor is given by the difference between the pKa values, 10Δ(pKa).

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The numerical factor by which the products side of the reaction between HCN and HO− is favored is to be determined from the appropriate pKa values.

Concept introduction:

In an acid-base reaction, the side with weaker acid (and base) is favored. The pKa values of the two acids in the reaction can be used to determine the factor by which that side is favored. The factor is given by the difference between the pKa values, 10Δ(pKa).

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.5P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.6P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.7P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.8P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.9P Ch. 18 - Prob. 18.10P

(a) Interpretation: The products of the reaction between HCN and HO − are to be drawn. Concept introduction: The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H 2 O .

Solution Summary: The author explains that the products of the reaction between HCN and HO- are to be drawn.

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction between HCN and HO− are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H2O.

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Chapter 18 Solutions

(a) Interpretation: The products of the reaction between HCN and HO − are to be drawn. Concept introduction: The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H 2 O .

Solution Summary: The author explains that the products of the reaction between HCN and HO- are to be drawn.

(a) Interpretation: The products of the reaction between HCN and HO− are to be drawn. Concept introduction: The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H2O.

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Chapter 18 Solutions

(a)

Interpretation:

The products of the reaction between HCN and HO− are to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The hydoxide ion is both a base and a nucleophile. It is quite strong as a base and deprotonates most acids, forming its conjugate acid, H2O.