The way by which tolazamide is synthesized has to be shown. Concept introduction: Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine : Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide. The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.46P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which tolazamide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which Gliclazide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

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1A H 2A Li Be Use the References to access important values if needed for this question. 8A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7A He B C N O F Ne Na Mg 3B 4B 5B 6B 7B 8B-1B 2B Al Si P 1B 2B Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe * Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Ac Rf Ha ****** Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr Analyze the following reaction by looking at the electron configurations given below each box. Put a number and a symbol in each box to show the number and kind of the corresponding atom or ion. Use the smallest integers possible. cation anion + + Shell 1: 2 Shell 2: 8 Shell 3: 1 Shell 1 : 2 Shell 2 : 6 Shell 1 : 2 Shell 2: 8 Shell 1: 2 Shell 2: 8

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IV. Show the detailed synthesis strategy for the following compounds. a. CH3CH2CH2CH2Br CH3CH2CCH2CH2CH3

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.46P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which tolazamide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which Gliclazide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.46P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which tolazamide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which Gliclazide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 18, Problem 18.46P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which tolazamide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which Gliclazide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

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Answer 5

Chapter 18, Problem 18.46P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which tolazamide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which Gliclazide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

Answer 6

Chapter 18, Problem 18.46P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which tolazamide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

Answer 7

Chapter 18, Problem 18.46P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which tolazamide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which Gliclazide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The way by which Gliclazide is synthesized has to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an amine:

Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.

The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 18.1 - Prob. 18.1P Ch. 18.2 - Prob. 18.2P Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.3P Ch. 18.4 - Prob. 18.4P Ch. 18.4 - Synthesis of nitriles by nucleophilic displacement...Ch. 18.5 - Complete the following transesterification...Ch. 18.6 - Complete and balance equations for the following...Ch. 18.8 - Prob. AQ Ch. 18.8 - Several compounds have been found to inhibit...Ch. 18.8 - Prob. CQ

Solution Summary: The author explains how tolazamide is synthesized by converting an amine to a carbamic ester.

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Chapter 18 Solutions