
(a)
Interpretation:
Product formed during the reaction of given anhydride with the given reagent has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as
(b)
Interpretation:
Product formed during the reaction of given anhydride with the given reagent has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.
Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as
(c)
Interpretation:
Product formed during the reaction of given anhydride with the given reagent has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Reduction:
LAH Reduction: The saturated/unsaturated aldehyde and ketones in the presence of sodium metal in LAH and carbonyl compound produced saturated alcohols. The keto group involves in the reduction process of LAH, this end up reducing to give the alcohols.
Acid Catalyzed Hydration Reaction: The reaction involves breaking of
(d)
Interpretation:
Product formed during the reaction of given anhydride with the given reagent has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Ester Hydrolysis: Ester hydrolysis can be caused by acid and base.
Saponification: Ester hydrolysis taking place in presence of base such as
Acid-catalyzed hydrolysis: In presence of strong acid such as
(e)
Interpretation:
Product formed during the reaction of given anhydride with the given reagent has to be shown.
Concept Introduction:
Reaction of an ester with ammonia or an
Treatment of an ester with ammonia or a primary or secondary amine gives an amide.
The nucleophilic addition of the ammonia or amine to the carbonyl carbon occurs followed by a proton transfer and a tetrahedral addition intermediate is formed. The intermediate can directly alkoxide and lose a proton to the alkoxide to give products.

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Chapter 18 Solutions
OWLv2 with MindTap Reader, 1 term (6 months) Printed Access Card for Brown/Iverson/Anslyn/Foote's Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition
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