Principles of Instrumental Analysis
7th Edition
ISBN: 9781305577213
Author: Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. Crouch
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 18, Problem 18.3QAP
An antihistamine shows sharp peaks at Raman shifts of
(a) a helium-neon Laser (632.8 nm)?
(b) an argon-ion laser (488.0 nm)?
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The wavenumber of the incident radiation in a Raman spectrometer is 20 487 cm−1. What is the wavenumber of the scattered Stokes radiation for the J = 2 ← 0 transition of 14N2? Take ᷉ B = 1.9987 cm−1.
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The wavenumber of the J = 3 ← 2 rotational transition of 1H35Cl considered as a rigid rotor is 63.56 cm−1; what is the H–Cl bond length?
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- Alexa Fluor 568 is a fluorescent dye that in aqueous solution displays a maximum absorbance at 576 nm, a quantum yield of 0.69, a lifetime of 3.60 ns and a Stokes shift of 24 nm. (i) Show a schematic of a typical fluorimeter and its main components. Briefly explain the role of each component. (ii) Explain what is the "Stokes shift" and what physical processes underpin the observation of such shifts; use diagrams and/or equations as appropriate in your explanation. (iii) Calculate the radiative decay constant of Alexa Fluor 568.arrow_forwardIs the bond length in 1HCl the same as that in 2HCl? The wavenumbers of the J = 1 ← 0 rotational transitions for 1H35Cl and 2H35Cl are 20.8784 and 10.7840 cm–1, respectively. Accurate atomic masses are 1.007 825mu and 2.0140mu for 1H and 2H, respectively. The mass of 35Cl is 34.968 85mu. Based on this information alone, can you conclude that the bond lengths are the same or different in the two molecules?arrow_forwardEstimate the lifetime of a state that gives rise to a line of width (i) 200 MHz, (ii) 2.45 cm−1.arrow_forward
- The first three absorption lines in the pure rotational spec- trum of gaseous 12C16O are found to have the frequencies 1.15 x 1011, 2.30 × 1011, and 3.46 × 1011 s-1. Calculate: (a) The moment of inertia I of CO (in kg m²) (b) The energies of the J = 1, J = 2, and J = 3 rotational levels of CO, measured from the J = 0 state (in joules) (c) The C-O bond length (in angstroms)arrow_forward(b) Calculate the half width in nanometers for Doppler broadening of the 4s S 4p transition for atomic nickel at 361.939 nm (3619.39 Å) at a temperature of 20,000 K in both wavelength and frequency units. (c) Estimate the natural line width for the transition in (b) assuming that the lifetime of the excited state is 5*10^(-8) s.arrow_forwardConsider the rotational spectrum of a linear molecule at 298 K with a moment of inertia of 1.23×10−461.23\times10^{-46}1.23×10−46 kg m2 . (a) What is the frequency for the transition from J = 2 to J = 3? (b) What is the most populated rotational level for this molecule? Would the transition in (a) give the most intense signal in the rotational spectrum?arrow_forward
- The absorption associated with a certain transition begins at 167 nm, peaks sharply at 200 nm, and ends at 250 nm. The maximum value of the molar absorption coefficient is 3.35 × 104 dm3 mol−1 cm−1. Estimate the integrated absorption coefficient of the transition assuming an inverted parabolic lineshape (Fig. 11.1).arrow_forwarda.) Calculate the frequency of the J = 7 ← 6 transition in the pure rotational spectrum of 12C16O. Assume the equilibrium bond length is 109.36pm.Frequency is ______ HzWhat is the corresponding wavenumber? _________ cm-1 b.) Suppose that the wavenumber of the J = 1 ← 0 rotational transition of 1H79Br considered as a rigid rotor was measured to be 17.89 cm-1, what is(a) the moment of inertia of the molecule? Ans = 3.132E-47 kg-m2(b) the bond length? ________ Angstroms(Given the isotopic masses:(m(79Br) = 78.9183 amu, m(81Br) = 80.9163 amu)arrow_forwardQ/ The bond length of the C0O molecule is 112.8 pm. Calculate the following (a) The reduced mass. (b) The rotational constant of CO when moment of inertia (I) is 1.4486 x 1046 kg.m² (c) Calculate the wavelength of the photon absorbed when a CO molecule initially in the J=2 level. makes a transition to the J=3 level.arrow_forward
- The protein haemerythrin (Her) is responsible for binding and carrying O2 in some invertebrates. Each protein molecule has two Fe2+ ions that are in very close proximity and work together to bind one molecule of O2, form ing an Fe2O2 group. (a) The Raman spectrum of oxygenated haemerythrinobtained with laser excitation at 500 nm has a band at 844 cm-1 which has been attributed to the O-O stretching mode of bound 16O2. Why is Raman spectroscopy and not infrared spectroscopy the method of choice for the study of the binding of O2 to haemerythrin? (b) Proof that the 844 cm-1band in the Raman spectrum of oxygenated haemerythrin arises from a bound O2 species may be obtained by conducting experiments on samples of haemerythrin that have been mixed with 18O2, instead of 16O2 . Predict the fundamental vibrational wavenumber of the 18O-18O stretching mode in a sample of haemerythrin that has been treated with 18O2. (c) The fundamental vibrational wavenumbers for the O-O stretching modes of O2,…arrow_forwardThe rotational Raman spectrum of 19F2 shows a series of Stokes lines separated by 3.5312 cm−1 and a similar series of anti-Stokes lines. Calculate the bond length of the molecule.arrow_forwardIn the characterization of the acid content of petroleum crude, a scientist found the acidic carbonyl (C=0) bond at 1685 cm-1 in the measured Raman spectra. If a blue laser line at 488 nm was used, calculate the laser frequency the absolute frequency of the C3DO stretching mode. iii) If a red laser at 633 nm was used for the analysis, what is the laser frequency and what is the absolute frequency of the C=0 at this wavelength?arrow_forward
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