Chapter 18, Problem 18.32UKC

a.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Stage of catabolism in that conversion of monosaccharide to acetyl CoA has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Catabolic pathways are organized in four stages as follows:

Digestion is the first stage for energy production. In this stage, food molecules like carbohydrates, proteins, and triacylglycerols break down into smaller units by hydrolysis. These units are utilized in further stages of energy and also consumed by body in metabolic processes.

Acetyl CoA formation is the second stage for energy production. In this stage, monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids are reduced to form two-carbon units. This two carbon unit is bonded to coenzyme A to form acetyl CoA.

Citric acid cycle is the third stage for energy production. In this stage, acetyl CoA is oxidized to form ${\text{CO}}_2$ and release energy. Energy is stored in form of nucleotides and reduced coenzymes.

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation is the fourth stage for energy production. In this stage, ${\text{O}}_2$ converts into water by help of NADH and ${\text{FADH}}_2$ coenzymes. ATP is also produced in this stage.

b.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Stage of catabolism in that hydrolysis of triacylglycerol with lipase has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part a.

c.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Stage of catabolism in that reaction of oxygen with protons and electrons to form water has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part a.

d.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Stage of catabolism in that conversion of succinate to fumarate with FAD has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part a.

e.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Stage of catabolism in that degradation of a fatty acid to acetyl CoA has to be determined.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part a.