Chapter 18, Problem 18.21QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The difference between $\text{ΔG}\text{and}{\text{ΔG}}^{\text{0}}$ has to be explained.

Concept Information:

Thermodynamics:

• It is the branch of science that relates heat and energy in a system.
• The four laws of thermodynamics explain the fundamental quantities such as temperature, energy and randomness in a system.
• Free energy (Gibbs free energy) is the term that is used to explain the total energy content in a thermodynamic system that can be converted into work.
• All spontaneous process is associated with the decrease of free energy in the system.

The equation given below helps us to calculate the change in free energy in a system.

  $\text{ΔG = }\Delta {\rm H}\text{- T}\Delta \text{S}$

Where,

  $\text{ΔG}$ is the change in free energy of the system

  $\Delta {\rm H}$ is the change in enthalpy of the system

  $\text{T}$ is the absolute value of the temperature

  $\Delta \text{S}$ is the change in entropy in the system