MICROBIOLOGY: EVOLV.SCI.-W/ACCESS>CI<
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780393622805
Author: SLONCZEWSKI
Publisher: Norton custom
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Chapter 17.3, Problem 2TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The challenges faced during the construction of a phylogenetic tree.
Introduction:
A phylogenetic tree arranges organisms according to their evolutionary distance. It compares
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How can we use morphological traits to determine branching patterns on phylogenetic trees?
How do we actually construct a phylogenetic tree?
The number of possible trees resulting from phylogenetic analysis grows exponentially with the number taxa, such that in a 22 taxon analysis there are more possible unrooted trees than there are stars in the universe.
A) True
B) False
C) It depends on the inference method and optimality criteria used.
D) Number of taxa and number of unrooted tree possibilities are unrelated in phylogenetic analysis.
Chapter 17 Solutions
MICROBIOLOGY: EVOLV.SCI.-W/ACCESS>CI<
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- Do you find it easy to interpret phylogenetic trees? What aspects are the most challenging or what aspects of the tree can be easily misinterpreted? What strategies can students use to correct or avoid these common misinterpretations? Do you consider phylogenetic trees to be reliable indicators of evolutionary relationships? Include a reference.arrow_forwardIn the last lab while creating a phylogenetic tree using PAUP/CIPRES, Fagus grandifolia was specified as the outgroup . Why is this step important? If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIPRES will produce an unrooted tree in which outgroup is not connected to the rest of the tree by a common ancestor If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIPRES will produce an unrooted tree in which the outgroup might not branch off prior to the common ancestor of the organisms under study O If the outgroup is not specified, PAUP or CIIPRES will produce an unrooted tree. Unrooted trees do not follow the Law of Parsimony All options are incorrectarrow_forwardWhat are the main issues associated with the morphological species concept?arrow_forward
- When constructing phylogenetic trees, what is the purpose of applying maximum parsimony? Parsimony allows the researcher to "root" the tree. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious tree requires the maximum evolutionary events. The outgroup roots the tree, allowing the principle of parsimony to be applied. For trees based on morphology, the most parsimonious is the one that uses the simplest explanation of evolutionary events.arrow_forwardPhylogenetic trees are used to show the evolutionary relationships among various biological species and are usually based upon shared derived characters. In constructing phylogenetic trees, it is useful to first draw up a character table to show the presence or absence of characters among the various groups of organisms being studied. a. Draw up a character table based upon the following shared derived characters of land plants: flowers, seeds, vascular tissues, and dependent embryos. Your character table must include the names/descriptions of the plant groups that are being characterized. b. Construct a phylogenetic tree based on this data.arrow_forward1. a) What is a phylogenetic tree? b) What do the lines and branches in a phylogenetic tree represent?arrow_forward
- Which of the following best explains why coalescent-based phylogenetic inference is important in the age of phylogenomics? A) Coalescent-based methods directly model gene tree histories independently to infer the species tree in a summary-based manner, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed. B) Coalescent-based methods have the most advanced evolutionary models of molecular evolution, which is important for phylogenomic analysis were hundreds to thousands of gene histories are analyzed. C) Coalescent-based methods are no more important than other types of phylogenetic inference, even for phylogenomic analyses. D) None of the above.arrow_forwardHow does a phylogenetic tree indicate major evolutionary events within a lineage?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a phylogenetic tree and a cladogram? What the difference between "homologous traits" and "analogous traits"? What is the difference between "ancestral traits" and "derived traits"?arrow_forward
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