Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780134477206
Author: Robert W. Bauman Ph.D.
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 17, Problem 2CT
Which is worse: to use a diagnostic test for HIV that may falsely indicate that a patient is not infected (false negative) or to use one that sometimes falsely indicates that a patient is infected (false positive)? Defend your choice.
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Why is a false-positive more significant in HIV testing of patients than in screening donated blood for transfusions?
Variolation means:
Infecting patients with one disease, like smallpox, in order to prevent a more severe disease, like cowpox
Infecting patients with one disease, like cowpox, in order to prevent a more severe disease, like smallpox
• Deliberately exposing children to dead patients
• Deliberately exposing children to infected cows
Infecting patients with the causative agent of a mild case of the disease, in hopes of preventing a severe case
of the disease
All of the following are true concerning the Alere HIV test except:
a)this test can detect infection 10 days post exposure
b)the presence of three lines on the test indicates a positive reaction for anitgen and antibody against HIV
c)unlike Oraquick the test is run with blood sample only and not oral fluid
d)the presence of a single line indicates that a person has antibodies but no antigen for HIV
e)this is a test that is considered both a direct and indirect test for HIV diagnosis
Chapter 17 Solutions
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Ch. 17 - Prob. 1TMWCh. 17 - A diagnostician used an ELISA to show that a...Ch. 17 - To obtain immediate immunity against tetanus, a...Ch. 17 - Which of the following vaccine types is commonly...Ch. 17 - Prob. 3MCCh. 17 - When antigen and antibodies combine, maximal...Ch. 17 - An anti-antibody is used when _________. a. an...Ch. 17 - Prob. 6MCCh. 17 - Prob. 7MCCh. 17 - Prob. 8MC
Ch. 17 - Prob. 9MCCh. 17 - Prob. 10MCCh. 17 - Prob. 11MCCh. 17 - An antiserum is ________. a. an anti-antibody b....Ch. 17 - Prob. 13MCCh. 17 - Prob. 14MCCh. 17 - Prob. 15MCCh. 17 - Prob. 1MTFCh. 17 - Prob. 2MTFCh. 17 - Prob. 3MTFCh. 17 - Modified True/False 4. _________________ ELISA is...Ch. 17 - Prob. 5MTFCh. 17 - Match the characteristic in the first column with...Ch. 17 - Identify the chemicals represented by this artists...Ch. 17 - Prob. 2VICh. 17 - Compare and contrast the Chinese practice of...Ch. 17 - What are the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 17 - Compare the advantages and disadvantages of...Ch. 17 - How does precipitation differ from agglutination?Ch. 17 - Explain how a pregnancy test works at the...Ch. 17 - Compare and contrast herd immunity and contact...Ch. 17 - How does nephelometry differ from turbidimetry?Ch. 17 - Is it ethical to approve the use of a vaccine that...Ch. 17 - Which is worse: to use a diagnostic test for HIV...Ch. 17 - Discuss the importance of costs and technical...Ch. 17 - What bodily fluids, in addition to blood serum,...Ch. 17 - Why might a serological test give a false positive...Ch. 17 - Some researchers want to distinguish B cells from...Ch. 17 - Describe three ways by which genetic recombinant...Ch. 17 - How does a toxoid vaccine differ from an...Ch. 17 - Explain why many health organizations promote...Ch. 17 - Contrast a hemagglutination test with a viral...Ch. 17 - Prob. 11CTCh. 17 - Draw a picture showing, at both the molecular and...Ch. 17 - Using the following terms, fill in the following...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What are the types of anti-HIV therapies? How effective are they during early and late stages of HIV infection? one pagearrow_forwardWhy do HIV/aids need to be studied and researched? Justify your answer.arrow_forwardwhy do we have to do a screening and confirmatory tests for hiv here in the philippines?arrow_forward
- If a patient was nonadherent to HIV drugs, in this case, what does nonadherent mean?arrow_forwardFrom a biological perspective, AIDS is passed more readily from women to men than from men to women. True or false?arrow_forwardScenario: In a rural community, a primary health care nurse is conducting a door-to-door vaccination campaign to address a recent outbreak of measles. The nurse notices that many parents are hesitant to vaccinate their children due to misinformation. The nurse decides to organize an educational seminar to address these concerns. What approach should the nurse take to effectively communicate the importance of vaccination? Options: A) Use complex medical terms to explain the effectiveness of vaccines. B) Distribute printed materials without engaging in direct conversation. C) Employ a culturally sensitive communication strategy, using simple language and visual aids. D) Recommend vaccination without providing any rationale.arrow_forward
- Prior to the development of detection assay for HIV in the blood supply, HCV was used as a proxy. That is to say, any donated blood found to be contaminated with HBV or HCV was also assumed to be HIV positive as well. What do you think was the rationale behind the use of HCV as an indicator of HIV? Do you think this was a reasonable approach at the time?arrow_forwardDifferent Viewpoints a person could take:Cultural perspective is based on specific cultural backgrounds. Social perspective would affect the society as a whole. Ethical perspective deals with moral viewpoints. Economic perspective deals with management of resources and cost-saving measures. Read the following statements related to the human papillomavirus and select the perspective it exemplifies in the drop-down menu. A parent worries that if the vaccine is given in Grade 5, it might encourage youth sexual activity. Answer HPV vaccination costs approximately $525, but it is free for all girls in Grade 5 to 12. Answer HPV vaccine has reduced the rate of cervical cancer by half. Providing HPV vaccines to all students in Grade 5 will help to improve the health of women. Answer If most of the girls in the target ages are vaccinated, they would provide a herd immunity for the rest of the population. Answer The Seventh Generation Principle of the Iroquois states…arrow_forwardUse this information to answer the question. Human Immunodeficiency viruses, Types 1 and 2 (HIV 1,2) Antibody testing (1985) and NAT (1999) Blood donation screening for HIV-1, the causative agent of AIDS began with antibody testing in 1985. Many improvements in testing have occurred including adding the detection of a second HIV agent (HIV-2 in 1992). A chemiluminescent immunoassay (ChLIA) is used for the qualitative detection of antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2. A duplex nucleic acid test (NAT) was introduced for HIV-1/HCV RNA detection in 1999, and updated to include the detection of HBV DNA in 2009 (see above). The next version of NAT will include HIV-2 RNA detection (to be implemented in 2020). Donors who test antibody reactive are further evaluated by additional tests to confirm the presence of HIV antibody and to differentiate HIV-1 from HIV-2 antibodies. Tests for this purpose have included a HIV western blot, an HIV-2 enzyme-linked immunoassay and an HIV-1 and HIV-2 rapid test…arrow_forward
- A 25 YEARS OLD MALE PATIENT WAS REFERRED TO YOUR LABORATORY FOR HIV TESTING. HE PRESENTED TO YOU HIS REQUEST UPON CHECKING YOU FOUND OUT THAT THE PATIENT HAD NOT UNDERGONE PRE-COUNSELLING. YOU ARE NOT AN HIV COUNSELLOR BUT AN HIV PROFICIENT MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST. AS A MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIST WOULD YOU PROCEED WITH HIV TEST AT ONCE? WHY?arrow_forwardShould we spread out the inoculation schedule OF HIV to prevent confusion of a young person? (Include terms such as live attenuated, killed or inactive, subunit, toxoid, conjugate, complications of measles, risks to others if uninoculated, risks to individuals that do get inoculated).arrow_forwardIn which of the following cases would treating a patient with an antiserum (purified antibodies) be more helpful than treating them with other drugs? Group of answer choices Purified antibodies would not be helpful in any of these cases If the person has a viral hepatitis infection If the person has eaten a poison produced by bacteria If the person has a fungal skin infectionarrow_forward
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