The given S N 2' reaction is either syn or anti is to be stated and an explanation as to how the obtained result contrast with the stereochemistry of the S N 2 reaction is to be stated. Concept introduction: The nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which one nucleophile is substituted by another nucleophile. These reactions depend upon the nucleophilicity and concentration of the nucleophile. The S N 2 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution bimolecular single-step reaction in which the addition of nucleophile and removal of the leaving group takes place simultaneously. Stereochemistry is the study of the different types of 3 − dimensional arrangement of atoms and molecules in a compound and its effect on the chemical reactions.

Question

The relative rates of reaction of ethane, toluene, and ethylbenzene with bromine atoms have been measured. The most reactive hydrocarbon undergoes hydrogen atom abstraction a million times faster than does the least reactive one. Arrange these hydrocarbons order of decreasing reactivity.

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Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.59AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given SN2' reaction is either syn or anti is to be stated and an explanation as to how the obtained result contrast with the stereochemistry of the SN2 reaction is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The nucleophilic substitution reactions are the reactions in which one nucleophile is substituted by another nucleophile. These reactions depend upon the nucleophilicity and concentration of the nucleophile. The SN2 reaction is a nucleophilic substitution bimolecular single-step reaction in which the addition of nucleophile and removal of the leaving group takes place simultaneously.

Stereochemistry is the study of the different types of 3− dimensional arrangement of atoms and molecules in a compound and its effect on the chemical reactions.

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The relative rates of reaction of ethane, toluene, and ethylbenzene with bromine atoms have been measured. The most reactive hydrocarbon undergoes hydrogen atom abstraction a million times faster than does the least reactive one. Arrange these hydrocarbons order of decreasing reactivity.

The reaction is a nucleophilic substitution, A is OH- and B is an alkyl bromide. Give the reaction mechanism and explain your reasoning.

Alkyl halides undergo nucleophilic substitution and elimination reactions. When the kinetics of the reaction are measured, if the rate of the reaction is found to be dependent only upon the concentration of the alkyl halide the reaction is first order. The substitution reaction is thus termed SN1, and the elimination reaction is termed E1. These reactions are unimolecular and occur in two steps. The first step is rate-limiting and involves the loss of the leaving group to form a carbocation. In the second, fast, step the nucleophile adds to the carbocation in the SN1 reaction or elimination occurs to give an alkene in the E1 reaction. Because the carbocation is planar, the nucleophile can add to either face and therefore racemization is usually observed although solvent effects can influence this somewhat. E1 elimination follows Zaitsev’s rule and typically yields the most substituted alkene as the major product. Conditions which favor the SN1/E1 pathway include the use of a weak…