(a) Interpretation: The hybridization of each nitrogen atom in methotrexate is to be predicted. Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The hybridization of each nitrogen atom in methotrexate is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The type of orbital in which the lone pair of nitrogen atom resides is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason corresponding to the fact that the bicyclic ring in methotrexate is aromatic is to be explained.

Concept introduction: A molecule must be cyclic, planar, completely conjugated and should follow Huckel’s rule to be classified as aromatic. According to the Huckel’s rule the number of π electrons in the molecule must be equal to (4n+2).

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Shown below is the mechanism presented for the formation of biasplatin in reference 1 from the Background and Experiment document. The amounts used of each reactant are shown. Either draw or describe a better alternative to this mechanism. (Note that the first step represents two steps combined and the proton loss is not even shown; fixing these is not the desired improvement.) (Hints: The first step is correct, the second step is not; and the amount of the anhydride is in large excess to serve a purpose.)

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Draw a reasonable mechanism for the following reaction:

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The hybridization of each nitrogen atom in methotrexate is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The type of orbital in which the lone pair of nitrogen atom resides is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason corresponding to the fact that the bicyclic ring in methotrexate is aromatic is to be explained.

Concept introduction: A molecule must be cyclic, planar, completely conjugated and should follow Huckel’s rule to be classified as aromatic. According to the Huckel’s rule the number of π electrons in the molecule must be equal to (4n+2).

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The hybridization of each nitrogen atom in methotrexate is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The type of orbital in which the lone pair of nitrogen atom resides is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason corresponding to the fact that the bicyclic ring in methotrexate is aromatic is to be explained.

Concept introduction: A molecule must be cyclic, planar, completely conjugated and should follow Huckel’s rule to be classified as aromatic. According to the Huckel’s rule the number of π electrons in the molecule must be equal to (4n+2).

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The hybridization of each nitrogen atom in methotrexate is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The type of orbital in which the lone pair of nitrogen atom resides is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason corresponding to the fact that the bicyclic ring in methotrexate is aromatic is to be explained.

Concept introduction: A molecule must be cyclic, planar, completely conjugated and should follow Huckel’s rule to be classified as aromatic. According to the Huckel’s rule the number of π electrons in the molecule must be equal to (4n+2).

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 17.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The hybridization of each nitrogen atom in methotrexate is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The type of orbital in which the lone pair of nitrogen atom resides is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason corresponding to the fact that the bicyclic ring in methotrexate is aromatic is to be explained.

Concept introduction: A molecule must be cyclic, planar, completely conjugated and should follow Huckel’s rule to be classified as aromatic. According to the Huckel’s rule the number of π electrons in the molecule must be equal to (4n+2).

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 17.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The hybridization of each nitrogen atom in methotrexate is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 17.37P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The hybridization of each nitrogen atom in methotrexate is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The type of orbital in which the lone pair of nitrogen atom resides is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The type of orbital in which the lone pair of nitrogen atom resides is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Hybridization is the combination of two or more atomic orbitals to form the same number of hybrid orbitals, each having the same shape and energy. Number of groups around the atom is equal to number of the number of orbitals hybridized to give hybrid atomic orbitals.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason corresponding to the fact that the bicyclic ring in methotrexate is aromatic is to be explained.

Concept introduction: A molecule must be cyclic, planar, completely conjugated and should follow Huckel’s rule to be classified as aromatic. According to the Huckel’s rule the number of π electrons in the molecule must be equal to (4n+2).

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The reason corresponding to the fact that the bicyclic ring in methotrexate is aromatic is to be explained.

Concept introduction: A molecule must be cyclic, planar, completely conjugated and should follow Huckel’s rule to be classified as aromatic. According to the Huckel’s rule the number of π electrons in the molecule must be equal to (4n+2).

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.1P Ch. 17 - Problem 17.2 What orbitals are used to form the...Ch. 17 - Problem-17.3. Give the IUPAC name for each...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.4P Ch. 17 - Problem-17.5 What is the structure of propofol,...Ch. 17 - Problem 17.6 What is the structure of a compound...Ch. 17 - Problem 17.7 How many NMR signals does each...Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.8P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.9P Ch. 17 - Prob. 17.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the hybridization of nitrogen atoms in methotrexate is to be predicted.

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