Chapter 17, Problem 17.10P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural formula for the given compound has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

• • Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.
• • Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.
• • Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\text{Class}& \text{Suffix name}& \text{Prefix name}\\ \text{Carboxylic acid}& \text{-oic acid}& \text{Carboxy}\\ \text{Ester}& \text{-oate}& \text{Alkoxy carbonyl}\\ \text{Amide}& \text{-amide}& \text{Amido}\\ \text{Nitrile}& \text{-ntrile}& \text{Cyano}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Formyl(-CH=O)}\\ \text{Ketone}& \text{-one}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Alcohol}& \text{-ol}& \text{Hydroxy}\\ \text{Amine}& \text{-amine}& \text{Amino}\\ \text{Alkene}& \text{-ene}& \text{Alkenyl}\\ \text{Alkyne}& \text{-yne}& \text{Alkynyl}\\ \text{Alkane}& \text{-ane}& \text{Alkyl}\\ \text{Ether}& \text{---}& \text{Alkoxy}\\ \text{Alkylhalide}& \text{---}& \text{Halo}\end{array}$

Carboxylic salts are the water-soluble ammonium or alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids.

Explanation of Solution

Name of the given salt is sodium benzoate.

From the name, we will get the following fact about the structure of the compound.

• ✓ The given compound is a sodium salt of benzoic acid.

Thus,

The structural formula for this salt can be drawn as shown below,

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural formula for the given compound has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

• • Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.
• • Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.
• • Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid. If two or more carboxylic functional groups are present in the same compound then its number should be taken in to consideration and the prefix di, tri, tetra.. must be used.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\text{Class}& \text{Suffix name}& \text{Prefix name}\\ \text{Carboxylic acid}& \text{-oic acid}& \text{Carboxy}\\ \text{Ester}& \text{-oate}& \text{Alkoxy carbonyl}\\ \text{Amide}& \text{-amide}& \text{Amido}\\ \text{Nitrile}& \text{-ntrile}& \text{Cyano}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Formyl(-CH=O)}\\ \text{Ketone}& \text{-one}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Alcohol}& \text{-ol}& \text{Hydroxy}\\ \text{Amine}& \text{-amine}& \text{Amino}\\ \text{Alkene}& \text{-ene}& \text{Alkenyl}\\ \text{Alkyne}& \text{-yne}& \text{Alkynyl}\\ \text{Alkane}& \text{-ane}& \text{Alkyl}\\ \text{Ether}& \text{---}& \text{Alkoxy}\\ \text{Alkylhalide}& \text{---}& \text{Halo}\end{array}$

Carboxylic salts are the water-soluble ammonium or alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids.

Explanation of Solution

Name of the given salt is Lithium acetate.

From the name, we will get the following fact about the structure of the compound.

• ✓ The given compound is a Lithium salt of acetic acid

Thus,

The structural formula for this compound can be drawn as shown below,

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural formula for the given compound has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

• • Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.
• • Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.
• • Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\text{Class}& \text{Suffix name}& \text{Prefix name}\\ \text{Carboxylic acid}& \text{-oic acid}& \text{Carboxy}\\ \text{Ester}& \text{-oate}& \text{Alkoxy carbonyl}\\ \text{Amide}& \text{-amide}& \text{Amido}\\ \text{Nitrile}& \text{-ntrile}& \text{Cyano}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Formyl(-CH=O)}\\ \text{Ketone}& \text{-one}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Alcohol}& \text{-ol}& \text{Hydroxy}\\ \text{Amine}& \text{-amine}& \text{Amino}\\ \text{Alkene}& \text{-ene}& \text{Alkenyl}\\ \text{Alkyne}& \text{-yne}& \text{Alkynyl}\\ \text{Alkane}& \text{-ane}& \text{Alkyl}\\ \text{Ether}& \text{---}& \text{Alkoxy}\\ \text{Alkylhalide}& \text{---}& \text{Halo}\end{array}$

Carboxylic salts are the water-soluble ammonium or alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids.

Explanation of Solution

Name of the given salt is Ammonium acetate.

From the name, we will get the following fact about the structure of the compound.

• ✓ The given compound is an ammonium salt of acetic acid.

Thus,

The structural formula for this compound can be drawn as shown below,

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural formula for the given compound has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

• • Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.
• • Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.
• • Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\text{Class}& \text{Suffix name}& \text{Prefix name}\\ \text{Carboxylic acid}& \text{-oic acid}& \text{Carboxy}\\ \text{Ester}& \text{-oate}& \text{Alkoxy carbonyl}\\ \text{Amide}& \text{-amide}& \text{Amido}\\ \text{Nitrile}& \text{-ntrile}& \text{Cyano}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Formyl(-CH=O)}\\ \text{Ketone}& \text{-one}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Alcohol}& \text{-ol}& \text{Hydroxy}\\ \text{Amine}& \text{-amine}& \text{Amino}\\ \text{Alkene}& \text{-ene}& \text{Alkenyl}\\ \text{Alkyne}& \text{-yne}& \text{Alkynyl}\\ \text{Alkane}& \text{-ane}& \text{Alkyl}\\ \text{Ether}& \text{---}& \text{Alkoxy}\\ \text{Alkylhalide}& \text{---}& \text{Halo}\end{array}$

Carboxylic salts are the water-soluble ammonium or alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids.

Explanation of Solution

Name of the given salt is Disodium adipate.

From the name, we will get the following facts about the structure of the compound.

• ✓ The given compound is a sodium salt of adipic acid.
• ✓ Two sodium atoms are attached to the both carboxyl group of adipic acid.

The structure of adipic acid is shown below,

Thus,

The structural formula for this compound can be drawn as shown below,

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural formula for the given compound has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

• • Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.
• • Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.
• • Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\text{Class}& \text{Suffix name}& \text{Prefix name}\\ \text{Carboxylic acid}& \text{-oic acid}& \text{Carboxy}\\ \text{Ester}& \text{-oate}& \text{Alkoxy carbonyl}\\ \text{Amide}& \text{-amide}& \text{Amido}\\ \text{Nitrile}& \text{-ntrile}& \text{Cyano}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Formyl(-CH=O)}\\ \text{Ketone}& \text{-one}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Alcohol}& \text{-ol}& \text{Hydroxy}\\ \text{Amine}& \text{-amine}& \text{Amino}\\ \text{Alkene}& \text{-ene}& \text{Alkenyl}\\ \text{Alkyne}& \text{-yne}& \text{Alkynyl}\\ \text{Alkane}& \text{-ane}& \text{Alkyl}\\ \text{Ether}& \text{---}& \text{Alkoxy}\\ \text{Alkylhalide}& \text{---}& \text{Halo}\end{array}$

Carboxylic salts are the water-soluble ammonium or alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids.

Explanation of Solution

Name of the given salt is sodium salicylate.

From the name, we will get the following fact about the structure of the compound.

• ✓ The compound is a sodium salt of salicylic acid.

Structure of salicylic acid is shown below,

Thus,

The structural formula for this compound can be drawn as shown below,

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The structural formula for the given compound has to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Carboxylic acids contain a carbonyl attached to a hydroxyl group as shown below,

Nomenclature of carboxylic acid:

• • Find the Parent hydrocarbon chain.
• • Carboxyl carbon must be numbered first.
• • Replace the –e in the alkane name with –oic acid. If two or more carboxylic functional groups are present in the same compound then its number should be taken in to consideration and the prefix di, tri, tetra.. must be used.

Naming of compounds with two functional groups;

If a compound has two functional groups, the one with lower priority is indicated by a prefix and another with the higher priority by a suffix.

  $\begin{array}{ccc}\text{Class}& \text{Suffix name}& \text{Prefix name}\\ \text{Carboxylic acid}& \text{-oic acid}& \text{Carboxy}\\ \text{Ester}& \text{-oate}& \text{Alkoxy carbonyl}\\ \text{Amide}& \text{-amide}& \text{Amido}\\ \text{Nitrile}& \text{-ntrile}& \text{Cyano}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Aldehyde}& \text{-al}& \text{Formyl(-CH=O)}\\ \text{Ketone}& \text{-one}& \text{Oxo(=O)}\\ \text{Alcohol}& \text{-ol}& \text{Hydroxy}\\ \text{Amine}& \text{-amine}& \text{Amino}\\ \text{Alkene}& \text{-ene}& \text{Alkenyl}\\ \text{Alkyne}& \text{-yne}& \text{Alkynyl}\\ \text{Alkane}& \text{-ane}& \text{Alkyl}\\ \text{Ether}& \text{---}& \text{Alkoxy}\\ \text{Alkylhalide}& \text{---}& \text{Halo}\end{array}$

Carboxylic salts are the water-soluble ammonium or alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids.

Explanation of Solution

Name of the given salt is calcium butanoate.

From the name, we will get the following fact about the structure of the compound.

• ✓ The given compound is a calcium salt of butanoic acid.

Thus,

The structural formula for this compound can be drawn as shown below,