GENETIC ANALYSIS: AN INTEG. APP. W/MAS
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781323142790
Author: Sanders
Publisher: Pearson Custom Publishing
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Chapter 17, Problem 14P
A major advance in the
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Herbert Boyer and Stanley Cohen pioneered the technique of DNA cloning allowing genes to be transferred from another biological species easily. Their work also gave rise to the development of different recombinant proteins with therapeutic applications like insulin and growth hormone. The former was cloned using Escherichia coli. coli in 1978. With this breakthrough, the first licensed drug produced using recombinant DNAtechnology was human insulin, developed by Genentech, licensed and marketed by Eli Lilly in 1982. Scientists were able to identify and isolate the gene fragment or the gene of interest, in this case, the gene that is responsible for producing insulin. Moreover, they were able to isolate the bacterial DNA of E. coli. The plasmid and DNA fragment were cut using a restriction enzyme. This DNA fragment was inserted into the plasmid using a DNA ligase. When the DNA fragment was then placed into the bacterial DNA, it was then introduced to the host cell (E. coli) and was then…
Research has now demonstrated that techniques that have been developed for cloning animals could be used to clone human embryos, although no living human clones have been produced. There is widespread consensus that cloning a live human would be unethical. However, some people have suggested creating cloned embryos from which stem or pluripotent cells, which have the ability to develop into any tissue or organ, could be extracted. The stem and pluripotent cells might then be used to create genetically identical tissues and organs that could then be transplanted back into the donor to treat failed organs and diseases. What might be some reasons for or against this type of therapeutic cloning?
Chapter 17 Solutions
GENETIC ANALYSIS: AN INTEG. APP. W/MAS
Ch. 17 - 15.1 What purpose do the bla and lacZ genes serve...Ch. 17 - The human genome is 3109 bp in length. How many...Ch. 17 - 15.3 Ligase catalyzes a reaction between the...Ch. 17 - You have constructed four different libraries: a...Ch. 17 - Using the genomic libraries in Problem 4, you wish...Ch. 17 - The human genome is 3109bp. You wish to design a...Ch. 17 - 15.7 Using animal models of human diseases can...Ch. 17 - 15.8 Compare methods for constructing homologous...Ch. 17 - 15.9 Chimeric genefusion products can be used for...Ch. 17 - 15.10 Why are diseases of the blood simpler...
Ch. 17 - Injection of double-stranded RNA can lead to gene...Ch. 17 - Compare and contrast methods for making transgenic...Ch. 17 - 15.13 It is often desirable to insert cDNAs into a...Ch. 17 - 15.14 A major advance in the s was the development...Ch. 17 - 15.15 The bacteriophage lambda genome can exist in...Ch. 17 - 15.16 The restriction enzymes Xho and Sal cut...Ch. 17 - 15.17 The bacteriophage has a single-stranded DNA...Ch. 17 - 15.20 You have identified a cDNA clone that...Ch. 17 - You have isolated a genomic clone with an EcoR I...Ch. 17 - 15.18 To further analyze the CRABS CLAW gene (see...Ch. 17 - 15.21 You have isolated another cDNA clone of the...Ch. 17 - 15.22 You have identified five genes in S....Ch. 17 - You have generated three transgenic lines of maize...Ch. 17 - 15.24 Bacterial Pseudomonas species often possess...Ch. 17 - 15.25 Two complaints about some transgenic plants...Ch. 17 - 15.26 In Drosophila, lossoffunction Ultrabithorax...Ch. 17 - Prob. 27PCh. 17 - The highlighted sequence shown below is the one...Ch. 17 - The RAS gene encodes a signaling protein that...Ch. 17 - Vitamin E is the name for a set of chemically...Ch. 17 - 15.31 You have cloned a gene for an enzyme that...
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- A genetics research group has determined the sequence of a rat gene thought to be involved in controlling the fertilising ability of rat sperm. They believe a similar gene may control fertility in humans. Describe how what is known about the rat gene can be applied in PCR to clone the complementary human gene. You should explain the experimental approach taken and how it could confirm that the human gene in question does indeed correspond to the rat gene.arrow_forwardYou just graduated from college and started working at a biotech startup called Scrofabulous. Your first job assignment is to clone the pig gene for the hormone prolactin. Assume that the pig gene for prolactin has not yet been isolated, sequenced, or mapped; What would be the most useful and economical first step to go about identifying and cloning the pig gene for prolactin? use the amino acid sequence of mouse prolactin to design a pair of degenerate oligonucleotide PCR primers to PCR-amplify the pig prolactin gene. RNAseq the pituitary gland of the pig, the most abundant gene is likely to to be prolactin Conduct a proteome search for peptides that match parts of mouse prolactin protein Sequence the pig genome, then translate the genome to find the gene predicted to encode for prolactin Crystalize the mouse prolactin protein and use Google's DeepMind Al to find the closest amino acid sequence in the pig proteomearrow_forwardDiscuss three important advances that have resulted from gene cloning.arrow_forward
- Do all of them True/False 31) The process by which an electrical charge is used to introduce DNA into a cell to produce a transgenic organism is called electroporation.Answer: 32) Reproductive cloning is used to produce large amounts of mammalian proteins from transgenic agricultural animals such as cattle.Answer: 33) In gene addition, homologous recombination is used to remove the original gene and replace it with the cloned gene.Answer: 34) All stem cells have the potential to differentiateAnswer: 35) A bone marrow transplant involves the transfer of multipotent stem cellsAnswer: 36) The fact that in mammalian systems multiple genes may compensate for the loss of a gene is called gene redundancy.Answer:arrow_forwardYou isolate genomic DNA from brain cells and heart cells and use PCR to amplify the promoter region of gene A, known to be methylated under certain circumstances. To determine which cell type has methylation in this region, you treat the DNA with sodium bisulfite, sequence the regions from both brain and heart cells, and compare to the untreated sequence, as shown below. Untreated: ATCCGGCGACG Brain: ATCCGGCGACG Heart: ATCTGGTGACG Given these results, which cell type would you expect to transcribe MORE "A" mRNA?arrow_forwardIn the 1996 movie Multiplicity, Doug (Michael Keaton) is a construction worker who wants to spend more time with his family. He meets a friendly scientist (aren't we all?) who has a method for cloning humans. Doug decides to make a clone of himself who can do his work while he spends time with his family. The clone, named "Two", seems great at first, but later develops some functional problems. Two gets tired of working and clones himself to make "Three" to take over. Three then leads to "Four". Each successive clone seems to have an increasing number of issues in function. Ignoring ethical and technical considerations with making adult clones of a human, is there any logical or genetic validity to the premise that make a clone might create problems? If so, what might some of those problems be?arrow_forward
- 2) Transgenic animal refers to an organism whose genome has been altered by the transfer of a gene or genes from another species or breed. Cows, pigs and goats had been modified especially for pharmaceutical purposes. Explain three (3) most used transfection technology for the creation of transgenic animals.arrow_forwardGenome annotation refers to ... 1.) lining up overlapping regions in short shotgun sequencing reads to assemble larger contiguous DNA sequences (contigs/scaffolds). 2.) using long-read sequencing platforms (such as PacBio or Oxford Nanopore) to gather information about the epigenetic status of each region of a sequenced genome. 3.) the process of predicting which parts of a genome sequence code for functional products (such as protein-coding genes), what those products do, and assigning them names. 4.) sequencing messengeRNA measure the relative expression levels of genes in one or more tissue samples.arrow_forwardAs we described in class, in the early 1960's Francis Crick and colleagues set out to determine how many nucleotide bases make up a codon, before it was possible to sequence DNA and before Nirenberg and his colleagues solved the genetic code. To do this, they used a chemical mutagen that they knew made single nucleotide changes, used this mutagen to conduct a screen for mutations that disrupted a particular gene, and collected a number of different mutations in this gene. Briefly describe the logic they used to deduce that the codon length is 3 nucleotides long.arrow_forward
- In 1994, telomerase activity was discovered in human cancer cell lines. Although telomerase is not active in human somatic tissue, human somatic cells do contain the genes for telomerase proteins and telomerase RNA. Since inappropriate activation of telomerase may contribute to cancer, why do you think the genes coding for this enzyme have been maintained in the human genome throughout evolution? Are there any types of human body cells where telomerase activation would be advantageous or even necessary? Explain.arrow_forwardExplain why exome sequencing can be almost as valuable as genome sequencing. (Explain in your own words)arrow_forward5) Below is an image that shows both reproductive and therapeutic cloning. Use this image to answer compare and contrast therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Are they used for similar means…etc. Once you have done that answer the question below. a) There are two types of therapeutic cloning. What are they and how are they different?arrow_forward
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