Chapter 17, Problem 142CP

The overall reaction in the lead storage battery is

$\text{Pb}\left(s\right)+{\text{PbO}}_{\text{2}}\left(s\right)+2{\text{H}}^{+}\left(aq\right)+2{\text{HSO}}_4{}^{-}\left(aq\right)\to 2{\text{PbSO}}_{{}_4}\left(s\right)+2{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(l\right)$

a. For the cell reaction ∆H° = −315.9 kJ and ∆S° = 263.5 J/K. Calculate  at −20.°C. Assume ∆H° and ∆S° do not depend on temperature.

b. Calculate at – 20.°C when [HSO₄⁻] = [H⁺] = 4.5 M.

c. Consider your answer to Exercise 71. Why does it seem that batteries fail more often on cold days than on warm days?