Biology (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781337392938
Author: Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 1.7, Problem 10LO
Design a study to test a given hypothesis, using the procedure and terminology of the scientific method.
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19. On the diagram below
a. Label the three pictures as: DNA; polypeptide; or RNA.
b. Label the arrows as: translation or transcription/RNA processing.
c. Add the following details to the diagram.
Promoter region
TATA box
Transcription start site
Transcription terminator
Intron (A,B,C,D)
Exons (1,2,3,4,5)
Splice sites
5' cap
5' UTR (untranslated region)
3' poly A tail
3' UTR (untranslated region)
Translational start (AUG)
Translational stop (UGA, UAG, or UAA)
N and C ends of polypeptide
0000
Match the letter labels in the figure below to the terms. Some letter
labels are not used.
MNNNNNNIN
M
C
B
A
M
D
F
E
H
K
G
8
Chapter 1 Solutions
Biology (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 1.1 - Describe five basic themes of biology.Ch. 1.1 - Why are information transmission, energy transfer,...Ch. 1.1 - CONNECT What are some ways in which an organism is...Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 2LOCh. 1.2 - Prob. 1CCh. 1.2 - Predict What would be the consequences to an...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 3LOCh. 1.3 - What are the levels of organization within an...Ch. 1.3 - PREDICT At which level do you think more...Ch. 1.4 - Summarize the importance of information transfer...
Ch. 1.4 - What is the function of DNA?Ch. 1.4 - How does a nervous system transmit information?Ch. 1.5 - Summarize the flow of energy through ecosystems...Ch. 1.5 - Predict What components do you think a forest...Ch. 1.5 - Connect In what ways do consumers depend on...Ch. 1.6 - Demonstrate the binomial system of nomenclature by...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 7LOCh. 1.6 - Prob. 8LOCh. 1.6 - Prob. 9LOCh. 1.6 - The scientific name for the African rock python is...Ch. 1.6 - Prob. 2CCh. 1.6 - How might you explain the sharp claws and teeth of...Ch. 1.7 - Design a study to test a given hypothesis, using...Ch. 1.7 - Compare the reductionist and systems approaches to...Ch. 1.7 - What are the characteristics of a good hypothesis?Ch. 1.7 - Prob. 2CCh. 1.7 - CONNECT In what ways does systems biology depend...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1TYUCh. 1 - Prob. 2TYUCh. 1 - Prob. 3TYUCh. 1 - Fungi are assigned to domain (a) Protista (b)...Ch. 1 - The scientific name for corn is Zea mays. Zea is...Ch. 1 - Darwin suggested that evolution takes place by (a)...Ch. 1 - Ideally, an experimental group differs from a...Ch. 1 - Prob. 8TYUCh. 1 - VISUALIZE Draw a simple cladogram illustrating the...Ch. 1 - predict What would happen if a homeostatic...Ch. 1 - What are some characteristics of a good...Ch. 1 - PREDICT Make a prediction and devise a suitably...Ch. 1 - Prob. 13TYUCh. 1 - INTERPRET DATA Compare the two graphs in Figure...Ch. 1 - Evolution Link In what ways does evolution depend...Ch. 1 - EVOLUTION LINK How might an understanding of...Ch. 1 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY In the future,...
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- The diagram below illustrates a quorum sensing pathway from Staphylococcus aureus. Please answer the following questions. 1. Autoinduction is part of the quorum sensing system. Which promoter (P2 or P3) is critical for autoinduction? 2)This staphylococcus aureus grows on human wounds, causing severe infections. You would like to start a clinical trial to treat these wound infections. Please describe: a) What molecule do you recommend for the trial. Why? b) Your trial requires that Staphylococcus aureus be isolated from the wound and submitted to genome sequencing before admittance. Why? What are you testing for? 3) If a mutation arises where the Promoter P3 is constitutively active, how would that influence sensitivity to AIP? Please explain your rationale. 4) This pathway is sensitive to bacterial cell density. Describe two separate mutation that would render the pathway active independent of cell density. Briefly explain your rationale. Mutation 1 Mutation 2arrow_forwardThere is currently a H5N1 cattle outbreak in North America. According to the CDC on Feb 26*: "A multistate outbreak of HPAI A(H5N1) bird flu in dairy cows was first reported on March 25, 2024. This is the first time that these bird flu viruses had been found in cows. In the United States, since 2022, USDA has reported HPAI A(H5N1) virus detections in more than 200 mammals." List and describe two mechanisms that could lead to this H5N1 influenza strain evolving to spread in human: Mechanisms 1: Mechanisms 2: For the mutations to results in a human epidered they would need to change how the virus interacts with the human host. In the case of mutations that may promote an epidemic, provide an example for: a protein that might incur a mutation: how the mutation would change interactions with cells in the respiratory tract (name the receptor on human cells) List two phenotypic consequence from this mutation that would increase human riskarrow_forwardYou have a bacterial strain with the CMU operon: a) As shown in the image below, the cmu operon encodes a peptide (Pep1), as well as a kinase and regulator corresponding to a two-component system. The cmu operon is activated when Pep 1 is added to the growth media. Pep1 is a peptide that when added extracellularly leads to activation of the Cmu operon. Pep1 cmu-kinase cmu-regulator You also have these genetic components in other strains: b) An alternative sigma factor, with a promoter activated by the cmu-regulator, that control a series of multiple operons that together encode a transformasome (cellular machinery for transformation). c) the gene cl (a repressor). d) the promoter X, which includes a cl binding site (and in the absence of cl is active). e) the gene gp (encoding a green fluorescence protein). Using the cmu operon as a starting point, and assuming you can perform cloning to rearrange any of these genomic features, how would you use one or more of these to modify the…arrow_forward
- You have identified a new species of a Gram-positive bacteria. You would like to screen their genome for all proteins that are covalently linked to the cell wall. You have annotated the genome, so that you identified all the promoters, operons, and genes sequences within the operons. Using these features, what would you screen for to identify a set of candidates for proteins covalently linked to the bacterial cell wall.arrow_forwardBelow is a diagram from a genomic locus of a bacterial genome. Each arrow represents a coding region, and the arrowheads indicate its orientation in the genome. The numbers are randomly assigned. Draw the following features on the diagram, and explain your rationale for each feature: 10 12 合會會會會長 6 a) Expected transcriptions, based on known properties of bacterial genes and operons. How many proteins are encoded in each of the transcripts? b) Location of promoters (include rationale) c) Location of transcriptional terminators (include rationale) d) Locations of Shine-Dalgarno sequences (include rationale)arrow_forwardSample excuse letter in school class for the reasons of headaches and dysmenorrhea caused by menstrual cyclearrow_forward
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