
Concept explainers
a) Chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene
Interpretation:
The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.
Concept introduction:
To rank:
The compounds chlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene and benzene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.
b) p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene, phenol
Interpretation:
The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.
Concept introduction:
Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.
To rank:
The compounds p-bromonitrobenzene, nitrobenzene and phenol according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.
c) Fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde, o-xylene
Interpretation:
The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.
Concept introduction:
Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.
To rank:
The compounds fluorobenzene, benzaldehyde and o-xylene according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.
d) Benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile, p-methoxybenzonitrile
Interpretation:
The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile are to be ranked according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.
Concept introduction:
Aromatic compounds that contain an ortho and para directing substituent groups (except halogens) are more reactive than benzene and that contain meta directing substituent groups are less reactive than benzene. Halogens are ortho & para directing yet deactivating groups. Hence the halogen substituted benzenes are less reactive than benzene.
To rank:
The compounds benzonitrile, p-methylbenzonitrile and p-methoxybenzonitrile according to their reactivity towards electrophilic substitution.

Trending nowThis is a popular solution!

Chapter 16 Solutions
Organic Chemistry - With Access (Custom)
- Q5: Label each chiral carbon in the following molecules as R or S. Make sure the stereocenter to which each of your R/S assignments belong is perfectly clear to the grader. (8pts) R OCH 3 CI H S 2pts for each R/S HO R H !!! I OH CI HN CI R Harrow_forwardCalculate the proton and carbon chemical shifts for this structurearrow_forwardA. B. b. Now consider the two bicyclic molecules A. and B. Note that A. is a dianion and B. is a neutral molecule. One of these molecules is a highly reactive compound first characterized in frozen noble gas matrices, that self-reacts rapidly at temperatures above liquid nitrogen temperature. The other compound was isolated at room temperature in the early 1960s, and is a stable ligand used in organometallic chemistry. Which molecule is the more stable molecule, and why?arrow_forward
- A mixture of C7H12O2, C9H9OCl, biphenyl and acetone was put together in a gas chromatography tube. Please decide from the GC resutls which correspond to the peak for C7,C9 and biphenyl and explain the reasoning based on GC results. Eliminate unnecessary peaks from Gas Chromatography results.arrow_forwardIs the molecule chiral, meso, or achiral? CI .CH3 H₂C CIarrow_forwardPLEASE HELP ! URGENT!arrow_forward
- Identify priority of the substituents: CH3arrow_forwardHow many chiral carbons are in the molecule? OH F CI Brarrow_forwardA mixture of three compounds Phen-A, Acet-B and Rin-C was analyzed using TLC with 1:9 ethanol: hexane as the mobile phase. The TLC plate showed three spots of R, 0.1 and 0.2 and 0.3. Which of the three compounds (Phen-A; Acet-B or Rin-C) would have the highest (Blank 1), middle (Blank 2) and lowest (Blank 3) spot respectively? 0 CH: 0 CH, 0 H.C OH H.CN OH Acet-B Rin-C phen-A A A <arrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage Learning
