
a) m-Chloronitrobenzene.
Interpretation:
How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
In
To show:
How to synthesize m-chloronitrobenzene from benzene.
b) m-Chloroethylbenzene.
Interpretation:
How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
Since a meta halogen substituted alkyl benzene is to be synthesized benzene is first converted into a meta directing
To show:
How to synthesize m-chloroethylbenzene from benzene.
c) 4-Chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene.
Interpretation:
How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
Since a propyl benzene with a nitro group in the ortho position and a Cl at meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into a meta directing ketone by Friedal-Crafts acylation. The ketone upon halogenation will yield a m-halogen substituted ketone which can be reduced to a m-chloroalkyl benzene. Alkyl groups are o- and p- directing. Hence by nitrating the m-chloroalkyl benzene the desired product can be synthesized.
To show:
How to synthesize 4-chloro-1-nitro-2-propylbenzene from benzene.
d) 3-Bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid.
Interpretation:
How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene is to be shown.
Concept introduction:
A benzenesulfonic acid with a methyl group in the ortho position and a Br at the meta position is to be synthesized. Benzene is first converted into toluene by Friedal-Crafts alkylation. The toluene upon sulfonation will yield a methyl sulfonic acid. By brominating the methylsulfonic acid the desired product can be synthesized.
To show:
How to synthesize 3-bromo-2-methylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene.

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Chapter 16 Solutions
Organic Chemistry - With Access (Custom)
- The statements in the tables below are about two different chemical equilibria. The symbols have their usual meaning, for example AG stands for the standard Gibbs free energy of reaction and K stands for the equilibrium constant. In each table, there may be one statement that is faise because it contradicts the other three statements. If you find a false statement, check the box next to t Otherwise, check the "no false statements" box under the table. statement false? AG"1 no false statements: statement false? AG-0 0 InK-0 0 K-1 0 AH-TAS no false statements 2arrow_forwardComplete the following esterification reactions by drawing the line formulas of the carboxylic acid and alcohol required to form the ester shown. catalyst catalyst catalyst apricot fragrancearrow_forwardShow the saponification products of the following ester: You don't need to draw in the Na+ cation. catalyst, A catalyst, A catalyst, Aarrow_forward
- What would happen if the carboxylic acid and alcohol groups were on the same molecule? In essence, the molecule reacts with itself. Draw the structure of the products formed in this manner using the reactants below. If two functional groups interact with one another on the same molecule, this is called an “intramolecular" (within one) rather than "intermolecular" (between two or more) attack. OH OH catalyst OH HO catalyst catalyst HO OHarrow_forwardQ3: Write in the starting alkyl bromide used to form the following products. Include any reactants, reagents, and solvents over the reaction arrow. If more than one step is required, denote separate steps by using 1), 2), 3), etc. H OH racemic OH OH 5 racemicarrow_forwardDraw the Lewis structure of the SO3-O(CH3)2 complex shown in the bottom right of slide 2in lecture 3-3 (“Me” means a CH3 group) – include all valence electron pairs and formal charges.From this structure, should the complex be a stable molecule? Explain.arrow_forward
- please add appropriate arrows, and tell me clearly where to add arrows, or draw itarrow_forwardWhat I Have Learned Directions: Given the following reaction and the stress applied in each reaction, answer the question below. A. H2(g) + Cl2(g) 2 HCl(g) Stress applied: Decreasing the pressure 1. What is the Keq expression? 2. What will be the effect in the number of moles of HCl(g)? 3. What will be the Equilibrium Shift or the reaction? B. Fe3O4(s) + 4 H2(g) + heat 53 Fe(s) + 4 H₂O(g) Stress applied: Increasing the temperature 1. What is the Keq expression?. 2. What will be the effect in the volume of water vapor collected? 3. What will be the Equilibrium Shift or the reaction? C. 4 NH3(g) + 5 O2(g) 4 NO(g) + 6 H2O(g) + heat Stress applied: Increasing the volume of the container 1. What is the Keq expression?. 2. What will be the effect in the amount of H₂O? 3. What will be the Equilibrium Shift or the reaction?arrow_forwardConsider the solubility products (Ksp values) for the following compounds:SrSO4 (Ksp = 7.6 x 10−7), BaSO4 (Ksp = 1.5 x 10−9), SrCO3 (Ksp = 7.0 x 10−10), BaCO3 (Ksp = 1.6 x 10−9)Which anion is the harder base, CO32− or SO42−? Justify your answer.arrow_forward
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