Chapter 16.3, Problem 3CC

Summary Introduction

To explain:

Mutations that promote cancer have different effects on the proteins encoded by proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes.

Introduction:

Mutation is a sudden and heritable change in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) of an organism. Mutations in certain genes often result in cancer. Cancer is a disease characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells. Cancer cells have distinct features than normal cells. The cytoplasm is reduced, multiple nuclei are present, chromatin is coarse, and nucleoli are also multiple and enlarged in cancerous cells.