Chapter 16.2, Problem 16.15QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Write a balance nuclear equation for the beta decay of each of the following radioactive isotopes

a. ${}_{11}{}^{25}Na$

b. ${}_8{}^{20}O$

c. Strontium-92

d. Iron-60”

Should be explained

Concept introduction:

► Alpha particles (${}_2{}^4\alpha$): The notation of alpha particles is ${}_2{}^4\alpha$. It has +2 positive charge and 4 $\text{amu}$ mass.

► Beta particle (${}_{-1}{}^0\beta$): The notation of beta particle is ${}_{-1}{}^0\beta$. It has -1 negative charge and approximately 0 $\text{amu}$ mass as the mass of electron.

► Positron particle (${}_{+1}{}^0\beta$): The notation of positron particle is ${}_{+1}{}^0\beta$. It has +1postive charge and approximately 0 $\text{amu}$ mass as the mass of electron.

► Gamma ray (${}_0{}^0\gamma$): The notation of gamma ray is ${}_0{}^0\gamma$. It is high energy radiation without mass and charge.

► To balance the nuclear reaction following rules are following:

1. The sum of the subscript means the atomic numbers must be equal on the both side of the equation.

2. The sum of the superscript means the mass numbers must be equal on the both side of the equation.