Chapter 16.1, Problem 16.12QAP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Match the type of radiation (1 to 3) with each of the following statement:

1. Alpha particle

2. Beta particle

3. Gamma radiation

a. Penetrates farthest into skin and body tissues

b. Shielding protection includes lab coat and gloves

c. Travels only a short distance in air.” should be explained

Concept introduction:

► Alpha particles (${}_2{}^4\alpha$) decay:

When an alpha particle decays then the new nucleus has 4 unit decrease in mass number and 2 unit decrease in atomic number.

► Beta particle (${}_{-1}{}^0\beta$) decay:

When a beta particle decays then the new nucleus has same in mass number and 1 unit increase in atomic number.

► Positron particle (${}_{+1}{}^0\beta$) decay:

When a positron particle decays then the new nucleus has same mass number and 1 unit decrease in atomic number.

► Gamma ray (${}_0{}^0\gamma$) emission:

This gamma ray does not affect the nuclear mass and the atomic number. It never emits independently. It emits either with alpha particle or beta particles.