Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
9th Edition
ISBN: 9780321971371
Author: Leroy G. Wade, Jan W. Simek
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16.13, Problem 16.23P
Draw and name all the chlorinated benzenes having from one to six chlorine atoms.
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A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk
before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic
acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and
develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing
mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M.
Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether
it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To
achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth,
the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0.
Assumptions:
Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid
H
H
:0:0:
H-C-C
H
:0:
O-H
Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid
For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid
You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water.
Temperature is 25°C
1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to
include state symbols.…
Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product
structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s).
Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps.
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H.
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Select to Edit Arrows
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Select to Edit Arrows
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H
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Rotation
Select to Edit Arrows
H.
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:0:
:0:
:0:
S:
3:48 PM Fri Apr 4
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Problem 4 of 10
Submit
Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product
structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s).
Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps.
Mg.
:0:
Select to Add Arrows
:0:
:Br:
Mg
:0:
:0:
Select to Add Arrows
Mg.
Br:
:0:
0:0-
Br
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H
0:0
Select to Add Arrows
Select to Add Arrows
neutralizing workup
H
CH3
Chapter 16 Solutions
Organic Chemistry (9th Edition)
Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 16.1PCh. 16.2 - Prob. 16.2PCh. 16.2 - a. Draw the resonance forms of benzene,...Ch. 16.2 - Show the product of the Diels-Alder dimerization...Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 16.5PCh. 16.6 - Make a model of cyclooctatetraene in the tub...Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 16.7PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 16.8PCh. 16.7 - Prob. 16.9PCh. 16.8A - a. Draw the molecular orbitals for the...
Ch. 16.8A - Repeat Problem16-10 for the cyclopentadienyl ions....Ch. 16.8C - Explain why each compound or ion should be...Ch. 16.8C - The following hydrocarbon has an unusually large...Ch. 16.8C - Prob. 16.14PCh. 16.8C - Prob. 16.15PCh. 16.9B - Prob. 16.16PCh. 16.9C - Show which of the nitrogen atoms in purine are...Ch. 16.9C - The proton NMR spectrum of 2-pyridone gives the...Ch. 16.9D - Prob. 16.19PCh. 16.9D - Prob. 16.20PCh. 16.10 - Prob. 16.21PCh. 16.12 - Ciprofloxacin is a member of the fluoroquinolone...Ch. 16.13 - Draw and name all the chlorinated benzenes having...Ch. 16.13 - Name the following compounds:Ch. 16.15 - The UV spectrum of 1-phenylprop-2-en-1-ol shows an...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.26SPCh. 16 - Name the following compounds:Ch. 16 - Draw and name all the methyl, dimethyl, and...Ch. 16 - Four pairs of compounds are shown. In each pair,...Ch. 16 - One of the following hydrocarbons is much more...Ch. 16 - In Kekuls time cyclohexane was unknown, and there...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.32SPCh. 16 - Azulene is a deep-blue hydrocarbon with resonance...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.34SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.35SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.36SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.37SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.38SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.39SPCh. 16 - Biphenyl has the following structure. a. Is...Ch. 16 - Anions of hydrocarbons are rare, and dianions of...Ch. 16 - How would you convert the following compounds to...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.43SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.44SPCh. 16 - A student found an old bottle labeled thymol on...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.46SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.47SPCh. 16 - Prob. 16.48SPCh. 16 - The proton NMR chemical shifts of the hydrogens in...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.50SPCh. 16 - NMR has been used to probe many molecular...
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- Iarrow_forwardDraw the Markovnikov product of the hydrobromination of this alkene. Note for advanced students: draw only one product, and don't worry about showing any stereochemistry. Drawing dash and wedge bonds has been disabled for this problem. + Explanation Check 1 X E 4 1 1 1 1 1 HBr Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 80 LE #3 @ 2 $4 0 I அ2 % 85 F * K M ? BH 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center & 6 27 FG F10 8 9 R T Y U D F G H P J K L Z X C V B N M Q W A S H option command H command optiarrow_forwardBe sure to use wedge and dash bonds to show the stereochemistry of the products when it's important, for example to distinguish between two different major products. Predict the major products of the following reaction. Explanation Q F1 A Check F2 @ 2 # 3 + X 80 F3 W E S D $ 4 I O H. H₂ 2 R Pt % 05 LL ee F6 F5 T <6 G Click and drag to start drawing a structure. 27 & A 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use Privacy Center Acce Y U H DII 8 9 F10 4 J K L Z X C V B N M T H option command F11 P H commandarrow_forward
- Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Use the reaction conditions provided and follow the arrows to draw the intermediate and product in this reaction or mechanistic step(s). Include all lone pairs and charges as appropriate. Ignore stereochemistry. Ignore inorganic byproducts. H :0: CH3 O: OH Q CH3OH2+ Draw Intermediate protonation CH3OH CH3OH nucleophilic addition H Draw Intermediate deprotonation :0: H3C CH3OH2* protonation H 0: H CH3 H.arrow_forwardPredicting the reactants or products of hemiacetal and acetal formation uentify the missing organic reactants in the following reaction: H+ X+Y OH H+ за Note: This chemical equation only focuses on the important organic molecules in the reaction. Additional inorganic or small-molecule reactants or products (like H2O) are not shown. In the drawing area below, draw the skeletal ("line") structures of the missing organic reactants X and Y. You may draw the structures in any arrangement that you like, so long as they aren't touching. Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure. ? olo 18 Ar © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibilityarrow_forwardcan someone please answer thisarrow_forward
- Please, please help me figure out the the moles, molarity and Ksp column. Step by step details because I've came up with about three different number and have no idea what I'm doing wrong.arrow_forwardwhat reagents are used to get this product from this reactant? Br OCH3arrow_forwardcan someone answer this pleasearrow_forward
- can someone do the reaction mechanism for this reaction and draw the molecules for Q2 and q3arrow_forwardIn this question, the product of the aldol condensation is shown. What would be the reactants for this product? Please provide a detailed explanation, as well as a drawing showing how the reactants will react to produce the product.arrow_forward7. Propene undergoes a hydration reaction with water in the presence of an acid. a. There are two possible products for this reaction, both with the formula C,H,O. Show their structural formulas and names. (A1, B2) SCH4UR Name: (answer for part a. here!) VER 3 2021-2022 b. Which of the two products do you predict will form. Explain your choice using details from your learning. (B3)arrow_forward
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