To explain the reason for not obtaining the ester by dissolving by dissolving 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of ethanol. Concept introduction: Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason for not obtaining the ester by dissolving by dissolving 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of ethanol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason methyl ester can form by dissolving 4-methylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of alcohol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason for not obtaining the ester by dissolving by dissolving 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of ethanol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason methyl ester can form by dissolving 4-methylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of alcohol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason for not obtaining the ester by dissolving by dissolving 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of ethanol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason methyl ester can form by dissolving 4-methylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of alcohol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason for not obtaining the ester by dissolving by dissolving 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of ethanol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason methyl ester can form by dissolving 4-methylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of alcohol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason for not obtaining the ester by dissolving by dissolving 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of ethanol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason methyl ester can form by dissolving 4-methylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of alcohol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason for not obtaining the ester by dissolving by dissolving 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of ethanol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 82P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason for not obtaining the ester by dissolving by dissolving 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of ethanol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason methyl ester can form by dissolving 4-methylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of alcohol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To explain the reason methyl ester can form by dissolving 4-methylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of alcohol.

Concept introduction:

Esterificationis the process in which carboxylic acid reacts with alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an ester. Carboxylic acid undergoes nucleophilicsubstitution reaction. The acid protonates the oxygen of carboxylic acid which results in increased electrophilicity of the carbonyl carbon. The alcohol acts as a nucleophile and gets attached to the carbonyl carbon of the carboxylic acid. Proton transfer takes place between alkoxy group and a hydroxy group. Water molecule gets eliminated from the tetrahedral intermediate. The proton releases from the carbonyl oxygen to form ester.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 16.1 - The aromas of many flowers and fruits are due to...Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 16.1 - Name the following:Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 16.2 - Which is longer, the carbon-oxygen single bond in...Ch. 16.2 - There are three carbon-oxygen bonds in methyl...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 8P Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16.4 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the process of esterification by dissolving 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoic acid in an acidic solution of ethanol.

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Chapter 16 Solutions