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Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
11th Edition
ISBN: 9781305251052
Author: Michael Cummings
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 7QP
Researchers are learning how to transfer sperm-making cells from fertile male mice into infertile male mice in the hopes of learning more about reproductive abnormalities. These donor spermatogonia cells have developed into mature spermatozoa in 70% of cases, and some recipients have gone on to father pups (as baby mice are called). This new advance opens the way for a host of experimental genetic manipulations. It also offers enormous potential for correcting human genetic disease. One potentially useful human application of this procedure is treating infertile males who wish to be fathers.
- a. Do you foresee any ethical or legal problems with the implementation of this technique? If so, elaborate on the concerns.
- b. Could this procedure have the potential for misuse? If so, explain how.
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A controversial issue, closely related to cloning, that has caused a lot of debate is the use of embryonic stem cells. One possible application of these cells is that they may be able to supply replacement tissues to treat diseases such as Parkinson's disease, diabetes, paralysis due to spinal cord injuries, and other degenerative diseases. The word "embryonic", has caused fierce opposition to this type of research because embryos are destroyed when the stem cells are removed. Questions that have surfaced in this debate include: When a cell nucleus is transferred to another cell, have we created life? Does a stem cell have the same status as a human? What should be done with the embryos that are leftover at in vitro fertilization (IVF), clinics? Advocates argue that the medical benefits of stem cell research would be enormous. Opponents argue that life begins at conception and thus this type of research is abortion.
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There is a group of genetic disorders that cause fatal childhood diseases. To avoid having children with these genetic disorders, some parents choose to use a procedure called in vitro fertilization (IVF) followed by genetic testing. Typically, in the first step of IVF, women receive hormone injections to produce multiple eggs, after which the eggs are harvested. The eggs are then fertilized by sperm in a petri dish to make embryos, which are then transferred to a woman's uterus. If the goal is to identify embryos that do not have specific genetic conditions, doctors would screen the embryos before they are implanted into the woman - in other words, they would analyze the embryos' DNA to look for variants of the gene(s) that cause the genetic disorder. While the genetic testing of IVF-produced embryos has been done for decades, the procedure is controversial. The controversies include worries that…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 16.5 - Should fertility clinics be required to disclose...Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 2EGCh. 16 - Would ISCI be an option? Why or why not? Jan, a...Ch. 16 - Jan is concerned about using ART. She wants to be...Ch. 16 - List the common infertility problems in women....Ch. 16 - Prob. 2QPCh. 16 - Prob. 3QPCh. 16 - What is the difference between gamete...Ch. 16 - Why should women consider collecting and freezing...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6QP
Ch. 16 - Researchers are learning how to transfer...Ch. 16 - Prob. 8QPCh. 16 - Cystic fibrosis is an autosomal disease that...Ch. 16 - Prob. 10QPCh. 16 - Gene therapy involves: a. the introduction of...Ch. 16 - In selecting target cells to receive a transferred...Ch. 16 - The prospect of using gene therapy to alleviate...Ch. 16 - Is gene transfer a form of eugenics? Is it...Ch. 16 - A couple who wishes to have children visits you, a...Ch. 16 - A couple has had a child born with...Ch. 16 - You are a genetic counselor, and your patient has...Ch. 16 - Prob. 18QP
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- 5) Below is an image that shows both reproductive and therapeutic cloning. Use this image to answer compare and contrast therapeutic and reproductive cloning. Are they used for similar means…etc. Once you have done that answer the question below. a) There are two types of therapeutic cloning. What are they and how are they different?arrow_forwardA PI in your facility has finished working with his transgenic line of mice and would like you to cryopreserve embryos (freeze them in liquid nitrogen) so that he can keep them for later experimentation without paying the extra cost of a breeding colony. Which of the following steps do you take? Select all that apply: a) Use the van der Lee/Boot and Whitten effect to time mate your females. b) Superovulate your females by injecting with PMSG and hCG. c) Breed the mice with a vasectomized male. d) Collect ova from the ampulla the day you find a plug. e) Collect blastocysts from the uterus 3 days after finding a plug.arrow_forwardIt has been suggested that it would make the study of human diseases easier if cloned transgenic animals were produced that carried faulty versions of human genes (e.g., the gene that causes cystic fibrosis). a. Why would such animals be useful in medical research? : b. What ethical questions are raised by the creation of such transgenic animals?arrow_forward
- Which of the examples of genetic testing below are prognostic tests? Which are diagnostic? (a) Individual sequencing (personal genomics) identifies a mutation associated with Alzheimer’s disease. (b) ASO testing determines that an individual is a carrier for the mutant b@globin allele (bS) found in sickle-cell anemia. (c) DNA sequencing of a breast tumor reveals mutations in the BRCA1 gene. (d) Genetic testing in a healthy teenager identifies an SNP correlated with autism. (e) An adult diagnosed with Asperger syndrome (AS) has a genetic test that reveals a SNP in the GABRB3 gene that is significantly more common in people with AS than the general population.arrow_forwardIn contrast with the genomic manipulations of animals and plants described in this chapter, human genetherapy is directed specifically at altering the genomes of somatic cells rather than germ-line cells.Why couldn’t or wouldn’t medical scientists try to alter the genome of human germ-line cells?arrow_forwardFor each of the following scenarios, indicate YES (it is cloning) or NO (it is not cloning). 6. ___________ Sperm taken from a male goat is combined with a female's egg in a petri dish. The resulting embryo is implanted into the female's uterus to develop 7. ___________ A sheep embryo, composed of 16 cells, is removed from the mother's uterus and separated into individual cells. Each cell is allowed to multiply, creating 16 separate embryos, which are then implanted in different female sheep to develop to maturity. 8. ___________ A cow with many desirable traits is stimulated with hormones to produce a number of egg cells. Each of these eggs is fertilized and implanted into a surrogate mother. 9. ___________ Cell nuclei from a recently deceased dog are placed into enucleated egg cells from another female dog. These egg cells are then placed into the uterus of an additional female surrogate dog, where it grows into a puppy.arrow_forward
- https://www.khanacademy.org/science/biology/biotech-dna-technology/dna-cloning-tutorial/a/overview-dna-cloning That is the link for the example ^arrow_forwardWoolly mammoths have been extinct for about 4,000 years, but we often find their well-preserved remains in Siberian permafrost. Research groups are now planning to use SCNT to resurrect these huge elephant-like mammals. No mammoth eggs have been recovered yet, so elephant eggs would be used instead. An elephant would also be the surrogate mother for the resulting embryo. The researchers may try a modified SCNT technique used to clone a mouse that had been dead and frozen for 16 years. Ice crystals that form during freezing break up cell membranes, so cells from the frozen mouse were in bad shape. Their DNA was transferred into donor mouse eggs, and cells from the resulting embryos were fused with undifferentiated mouse cells. Four healthy clones were born from the hybrid embryos. What are some of the pros and cons of cloning an extinct animal?arrow_forwardwhy does a clone of cells produceonly one type of G-6-PD enzyme? What would you expect to happen if a clone was derived from an early embryonic cell? Whydoes the initial sample of tissue produce both forms of G-6-PD?arrow_forward
- Dolly is the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell Which of the following statement/s is/are most relevant to the birth of Dolly? I. It suggests that human could be cloned. II. It proves that specialized cells could be used to create an exact copy of the animal they came from. III. It improves the production of milk, meat, and other products from livestock. IV. It proves that animals could be cloned to have gene mutations that help scientists study diseases that develop in the animals. A. II only B. I and II C. III, and IV D. II, III, and IV Which of the following statements best explain the significance of mitosis and ? A. Both mitosis and meiosis produce diploid cells which responsible for the continuity of life. B. Many single-celled organisms rely on mitosis and meiosis as their primary means of asexual reproduction C. replication, cells have another interesting choice, whether they want to make an identical copy, or do they want to make four half-copies…arrow_forwardDo all of them please Multiple choice 1) Although Dolly was only three years old, her chromosomes had the length of a (9-10)-year old sheep. Which of the following best describes why this occurred?A) The cell lines that created Dolly were aged prematurely in the labB) Nonhomologous recombinationC) A mutation enhanced the rate of agingD) Dolly was not a cloneE) The telomeres of the somatic cells that Dolly originated from were shorteningAnswer: 2) Which of the following terms represents a cell that can form any other cell of the organism?A) PluripotentB) TotipotentC) UnipotentAnswer: 3) Bone marrow transplants typically use what type of cells?A) Embryonic stem cellsB) Embryonic germ cellsC) Embryonic carcinoma cellsD) Hematopoietic stem cellsAnswer: 4) Which of the following is an example of a pluripotent cell?A) Embryonic stem cellsB) Red blood cellsC) Fetal heart cellsD) Umbilical cord bloodE) Nerve cellsAnswer: 5) An organism that has integrated recombinant DNA into its genome is…arrow_forwardMy question is attachedarrow_forward
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