Whether the given metabolic reaction is oxidation or reduction. Introduction: The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 3P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given metabolic reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Methanol→Formaldehyde + [H−H]

One molecule of water eliminates when methanol undergoes oxidation.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Formaldehyde→ Formate + [H−H]

When a substance undergoes oxidation, removal of one water molecule takes place.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The mentioned metabolic reaction is reduction, addition of H-H takes place on the side of CO₂ and one hydrogen ion gets eliminated. The balanced equation is-

CO2 + [H−H]→Formate+H+

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of glyceraldehyde from glycerate is a reduction type of reaction. Water removal takes place besides the formation of glyceraldehyde.

Glycerate+[H−H]+H+→Glyceraldehyde+H2O

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Addition of oxygen confirms the reaction as oxidation process. The balanced reaction is:

Glycerol→ Dihydroxyacetone + [H−H]

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the formation of benzoate from toluene is the example of oxidation or reduction reaction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of benzoate from toluene is an oxidation process.

Toluene + 2H2O→ Benzoate + 3[H−H]+ H+

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Oxidation of succinate results in the formation of fumarate. The balanced equation is-

Succinate→ Fumarate + [H−H]

(h)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Acetate results from the oxidation of pyruvate. The balanced equation is-

Pyruvate + H2O→ Acetate + [H−H] + CO2

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 3P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given metabolic reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Methanol→Formaldehyde + [H−H]

One molecule of water eliminates when methanol undergoes oxidation.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Formaldehyde→ Formate + [H−H]

When a substance undergoes oxidation, removal of one water molecule takes place.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The mentioned metabolic reaction is reduction, addition of H-H takes place on the side of CO₂ and one hydrogen ion gets eliminated. The balanced equation is-

CO2 + [H−H]→Formate+H+

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of glyceraldehyde from glycerate is a reduction type of reaction. Water removal takes place besides the formation of glyceraldehyde.

Glycerate+[H−H]+H+→Glyceraldehyde+H2O

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Addition of oxygen confirms the reaction as oxidation process. The balanced reaction is:

Glycerol→ Dihydroxyacetone + [H−H]

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the formation of benzoate from toluene is the example of oxidation or reduction reaction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of benzoate from toluene is an oxidation process.

Toluene + 2H2O→ Benzoate + 3[H−H]+ H+

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Oxidation of succinate results in the formation of fumarate. The balanced equation is-

Succinate→ Fumarate + [H−H]

(h)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Acetate results from the oxidation of pyruvate. The balanced equation is-

Pyruvate + H2O→ Acetate + [H−H] + CO2

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 3P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given metabolic reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Methanol→Formaldehyde + [H−H]

One molecule of water eliminates when methanol undergoes oxidation.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Formaldehyde→ Formate + [H−H]

When a substance undergoes oxidation, removal of one water molecule takes place.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The mentioned metabolic reaction is reduction, addition of H-H takes place on the side of CO₂ and one hydrogen ion gets eliminated. The balanced equation is-

CO2 + [H−H]→Formate+H+

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of glyceraldehyde from glycerate is a reduction type of reaction. Water removal takes place besides the formation of glyceraldehyde.

Glycerate+[H−H]+H+→Glyceraldehyde+H2O

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Addition of oxygen confirms the reaction as oxidation process. The balanced reaction is:

Glycerol→ Dihydroxyacetone + [H−H]

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the formation of benzoate from toluene is the example of oxidation or reduction reaction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of benzoate from toluene is an oxidation process.

Toluene + 2H2O→ Benzoate + 3[H−H]+ H+

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Oxidation of succinate results in the formation of fumarate. The balanced equation is-

Succinate→ Fumarate + [H−H]

(h)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Acetate results from the oxidation of pyruvate. The balanced equation is-

Pyruvate + H2O→ Acetate + [H−H] + CO2

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 3P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given metabolic reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Methanol→Formaldehyde + [H−H]

One molecule of water eliminates when methanol undergoes oxidation.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Formaldehyde→ Formate + [H−H]

When a substance undergoes oxidation, removal of one water molecule takes place.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The mentioned metabolic reaction is reduction, addition of H-H takes place on the side of CO₂ and one hydrogen ion gets eliminated. The balanced equation is-

CO2 + [H−H]→Formate+H+

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of glyceraldehyde from glycerate is a reduction type of reaction. Water removal takes place besides the formation of glyceraldehyde.

Glycerate+[H−H]+H+→Glyceraldehyde+H2O

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Addition of oxygen confirms the reaction as oxidation process. The balanced reaction is:

Glycerol→ Dihydroxyacetone + [H−H]

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the formation of benzoate from toluene is the example of oxidation or reduction reaction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of benzoate from toluene is an oxidation process.

Toluene + 2H2O→ Benzoate + 3[H−H]+ H+

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Oxidation of succinate results in the formation of fumarate. The balanced equation is-

Succinate→ Fumarate + [H−H]

(h)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Acetate results from the oxidation of pyruvate. The balanced equation is-

Pyruvate + H2O→ Acetate + [H−H] + CO2

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 3P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given metabolic reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Methanol→Formaldehyde + [H−H]

One molecule of water eliminates when methanol undergoes oxidation.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Formaldehyde→ Formate + [H−H]

When a substance undergoes oxidation, removal of one water molecule takes place.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The mentioned metabolic reaction is reduction, addition of H-H takes place on the side of CO₂ and one hydrogen ion gets eliminated. The balanced equation is-

CO2 + [H−H]→Formate+H+

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of glyceraldehyde from glycerate is a reduction type of reaction. Water removal takes place besides the formation of glyceraldehyde.

Glycerate+[H−H]+H+→Glyceraldehyde+H2O

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Addition of oxygen confirms the reaction as oxidation process. The balanced reaction is:

Glycerol→ Dihydroxyacetone + [H−H]

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the formation of benzoate from toluene is the example of oxidation or reduction reaction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of benzoate from toluene is an oxidation process.

Toluene + 2H2O→ Benzoate + 3[H−H]+ H+

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Oxidation of succinate results in the formation of fumarate. The balanced equation is-

Succinate→ Fumarate + [H−H]

(h)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Acetate results from the oxidation of pyruvate. The balanced equation is-

Pyruvate + H2O→ Acetate + [H−H] + CO2

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 3P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given metabolic reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Methanol→Formaldehyde + [H−H]

One molecule of water eliminates when methanol undergoes oxidation.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 3P

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given metabolic reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Methanol→Formaldehyde + [H−H]

One molecule of water eliminates when methanol undergoes oxidation.

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Formaldehyde→ Formate + [H−H]

When a substance undergoes oxidation, removal of one water molecule takes place.

Answer 13

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

Answer 14

(b)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The given metabolic reaction is oxidation, insertion of H-H is done to balance the equation.

Formaldehyde→ Formate + [H−H]

When a substance undergoes oxidation, removal of one water molecule takes place.

Answer 15

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 16

(b)

Expert Solution

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The mentioned metabolic reaction is reduction, addition of H-H takes place on the side of CO₂ and one hydrogen ion gets eliminated. The balanced equation is-

CO2 + [H−H]→Formate+H+

Answer 19

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the given reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

Answer 20

(c)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

The mentioned metabolic reaction is reduction, addition of H-H takes place on the side of CO₂ and one hydrogen ion gets eliminated. The balanced equation is-

CO2 + [H−H]→Formate+H+

Answer 21

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 22

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 23

Expert Solution

Answer 24

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of glyceraldehyde from glycerate is a reduction type of reaction. Water removal takes place besides the formation of glyceraldehyde.

Glycerate+[H−H]+H+→Glyceraldehyde+H2O

Answer 25

(d)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

Answer 26

(d)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of glyceraldehyde from glycerate is a reduction type of reaction. Water removal takes place besides the formation of glyceraldehyde.

Glycerate+[H−H]+H+→Glyceraldehyde+H2O

Answer 27

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 28

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 29

Expert Solution

Answer 30

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Addition of oxygen confirms the reaction as oxidation process. The balanced reaction is:

Glycerol→ Dihydroxyacetone + [H−H]

Answer 31

(e)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

Answer 32

(e)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Addition of oxygen confirms the reaction as oxidation process. The balanced reaction is:

Glycerol→ Dihydroxyacetone + [H−H]

Answer 33

(e)

Expert Solution

Answer 34

(e)

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the formation of benzoate from toluene is the example of oxidation or reduction reaction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of benzoate from toluene is an oxidation process.

Toluene + 2H2O→ Benzoate + 3[H−H]+ H+

Answer 37

(f)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the formation of benzoate from toluene is the example of oxidation or reduction reaction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

Answer 38

(f)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Formation of benzoate from toluene is an oxidation process.

Toluene + 2H2O→ Benzoate + 3[H−H]+ H+

Answer 39

(f)

Expert Solution

Answer 40

(f)

Expert Solution

Answer 41

Expert Solution

Answer 42

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Oxidation of succinate results in the formation of fumarate. The balanced equation is-

Succinate→ Fumarate + [H−H]

Answer 43

(g)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

Answer 44

(g)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Oxidation of succinate results in the formation of fumarate. The balanced equation is-

Succinate→ Fumarate + [H−H]

Answer 45

(g)

Expert Solution

Answer 46

(g)

Expert Solution

Answer 47

Expert Solution

Answer 48

(h)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Acetate results from the oxidation of pyruvate. The balanced equation is-

Pyruvate + H2O→ Acetate + [H−H] + CO2

Answer 49

(h)

Summary Introduction

To determine: Whether the reaction is oxidation or reduction.

Introduction:

The metabolic processes taking place in the cells are the continuous series of oxidation and reduction. The oxidation and reduction processes results in the production of ATP. Oxidation occurs due to hydrogenation of the compound andinvolves addition of one oxygen atom. Reduction refers to the removal of oxygen atom from the substance.

Answer 50

(h)

Expert Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation:

Acetate results from the oxidation of pyruvate. The balanced equation is-

Pyruvate + H2O→ Acetate + [H−H] + CO2

Answer 51

(h)

Expert Solution

Answer 52

(h)

Expert Solution

Answer 53

Expert Solution

Answer 54

Ch. 16 - Prob. 1P Ch. 16 - Prob. 2P Ch. 16 - Prob. 3P Ch. 16 - Prob. 4P Ch. 16 - Prob. 5P Ch. 16 - Prob. 6P Ch. 16 - Prob. 7P Ch. 16 - Prob. 8P Ch. 16 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16 - Prob. 10P

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

Explanation of Solution

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