Physics for Science and Engineering With Modern Physics, VI - Student Study Guide

4th Edition

ISBN: 9780132273244

Author: Doug Giancoli

Publisher: PEARSON

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Concept explainers

Properties of sound

A sound wave is a mechanical wave (or mechanical vibration) that transit through media such as gas (air), liquid (water), and solid (wood).

Quality Of Sound

A sound or a sound wave is defined as the energy produced due to the vibrations of particles in a medium. When any medium produces a disturbance or vibrations, it causes a movement in the air particles which produces sound waves. Molecules in the air vib…

Categories of Sound Wave

People perceive sound in different ways, like a medico student takes sound as vibration produced by objects reaching the human eardrum. A physicist perceives sound as vibration produced by an object, which produces disturbances in nearby air molecules th…

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Textbook Question

Chapter 16, Problem 23P

(II) (a) Estimate the power output of sound from a person speaking in normal conversation. Use Table 16-2. Assume the sound spreads roughly uniformly over a sphere centered on the mouth. (b) How many people would it take to produce a total sound output of 75 W of ordinary conversation? [Hint: Add intensities, not dBs.]

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Chapter 16, Problem 22P

Chapter 16, Problem 24P

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(II) (a) Estimate the power output of sound from a person speaking in normal conversation. Use Table 12–2. Assume the sound spreads roughly uniformly over a sphere centered on the mouth. (b) How many people would it take to produce a total sound output of 60 W of ordinary conversation?[Hint: Add intensities, not dBs.]

Sound is detected when a sound wave causes the tympanic membrane (the ear drum) to vibrate. Typically, the diameter of this membrane is about 8.4 mm in humans. A) how much energy is delivered to the eardrum each second when someone whispers (20 dB) into your ear? B) to comprehend how sensitive the ear is to very small amounts of energy, calculate how fast a typical 2.0 mg mosquito would have to fly (in mm/s) to have this amount of kinetic energy.

(a) Ear trumpets were never very common, but they did aid people with hearing losses by gathering sound over a large area and concentrating it on the smaller area of the eardrum. What decibel increase does an ear trumpet produce if its sound gathering area is 900 cm2 and the area of the eardrum is 0.500 cm2 , but the trumpet only has an efficiency of 5.00% in transmitting the sound to the eardrum? (b) Comment on the usefulness of the decibel increase found in part (a).

Chapter 16 Solutions

Physics for Science and Engineering With Modern Physics, VI - Student Study Guide

Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1AE Ch. 16.3 - If an increase of 3 dB means twice as intense,...Ch. 16.3 - Trumpet players. A trumpeter plays at a sound...Ch. 16.4 - Two strings have the same length and tension, but...Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 1GE Ch. 16.7 - How fast would a source have to approach an...Ch. 16 - What is the evidence that sound travels as a wave?Ch. 16 - What is the evidence that sound is a form of...Ch. 16 - Children sometimes play with a homemade telephone...Ch. 16 - When a sound wave passes from air into water, do...

Ch. 16 - What evidence can you give that the speed of sound...Ch. 16 - The voice of a person who has inhaled helium...Ch. 16 - What is the main reason the speed of sound in...Ch. 16 - Two tuning forks oscillate with the same...Ch. 16 - How will the air temperature in a room affect the...Ch. 16 - Explain how a lube might be used as a filler to...Ch. 16 - Prob. 11Q Ch. 16 - A noisy truck approaches you from behind a...Ch. 16 - Standing waves can he said to be due to...Ch. 16 - In Fig. 16-15, if the frequency of the speakers is...Ch. 16 - Traditional methods of protecting the hearing of...Ch. 16 - Consider the two waves shown in Fig. 1630. Each...Ch. 16 - Is there a Doppler shift if the source and...Ch. 16 - If a wind is blowing, will this alter the...Ch. 16 - Figure 1631 shows various positions of a child on...Ch. 16 - Approximately how many octaves are there in the...Ch. 16 - At a race track, you can estimate the speed of...Ch. 16 - (I) A hiker determines the length of a lake by...Ch. 16 - Prob. 2P Ch. 16 - (I) (a) Calculate the wavelengths in air at 20C...Ch. 16 - (I) On a warm summer day (27C), it takes 4.70 s...Ch. 16 - (II) A motion sensor can accurately measure the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 6P Ch. 16 - A stone is dropped from the top of a cliff. The...Ch. 16 - A person, with his ear to the ground, sees a huge...Ch. 16 - Prob. 9P Ch. 16 - (I) The pressure amplitude of a sound wave in air...Ch. 16 - (I) What must be the pressure amplitude in a sound...Ch. 16 - (II) Write an expression that describes the...Ch. 16 - (II) The pressure variation in a sound wave is...Ch. 16 - What is the intensity of a sound at the pain level...Ch. 16 - (I) What is the sound level of a sound whose...Ch. 16 - (I) What are the lowest and highest frequencies...Ch. 16 - (II) Your auditory system can accommodate a huge...Ch. 16 - (II) You are trying to decide between two new...Ch. 16 - (II) At a painfully loud concert, a 120-dB sound...Ch. 16 - (II) If two firecrackers produce a sound level of...Ch. 16 - A person standing a certain distance from an...Ch. 16 - (II) A cassette player is said to have a...Ch. 16 - (II) (a) Estimate the power output of sound from a...Ch. 16 - (II) A 50-dB sound wave strikes an eardrum whose...Ch. 16 - Expensive amplifier A is rated at 250 W, while the...Ch. 16 - (II) At a rock concert, a dB meter registered...Ch. 16 - A fireworks shell explodes 100m above the ground,...Ch. 16 - If the amplitude of a sound wave is made 2.5 times...Ch. 16 - Two sound waves have equal displacement...Ch. 16 - What would be the sound level (in dB) of a sound...Ch. 16 - (a) Calculate the maximum displacement of air...Ch. 16 - A jet plane emits 5.0 105 J of sound energy per...Ch. 16 - What would you estimate for the length of a bass...Ch. 16 - The A string on a violin has a fundamental...Ch. 16 - An organ pipe is 124 cm long. Determine the...Ch. 16 - (a) What resonant frequency would you expect from,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 37P Ch. 16 - Prob. 38P Ch. 16 - An unfingered guitar string is 0.73m long and is...Ch. 16 - (II) (a) Determine the length of an open organ...Ch. 16 - Prob. 41P Ch. 16 - Prob. 42P Ch. 16 - Prob. 43P Ch. 16 - (II) A particular organ pipe can resonate at 264...Ch. 16 - A uniform narrow tube 1.80m long is open at both...Ch. 16 - (II) A pipe in air at 23.0C is to be designed to...Ch. 16 - How many overtones are present within the audible...Ch. 16 - Prob. 49P Ch. 16 - (II) In a quartz oscillator, used as a stable...Ch. 16 - The human car canal is approximately 2.5 cm long....Ch. 16 - (II) Approximately what are the intensities of the...Ch. 16 - A piano tuner hears one beat every 2.0s when...Ch. 16 - What is the beat frequency if middle C (262 Hz)...Ch. 16 - A guitar string produces 4 beats/s when sounded...Ch. 16 - (II) The two sources of sound in Fig. 1615 face...Ch. 16 - Prob. 57P Ch. 16 - (II) Two loudspeakers are placed 3.00 m apart, as...Ch. 16 - Two piano strings are supposed to be vibrating at...Ch. 16 - A source emits sound of wavelengths 2.64 m and...Ch. 16 - (I)The predominant frequency of a certain fire...Ch. 16 - A bat at rest sends out ultrasonic sound waves at...Ch. 16 - (II) (a) Compare the shift in frequency if a...Ch. 16 - Two automobiles are equipped with the same single...Ch. 16 - A police car sounding a siren with a frequency of...Ch. 16 - (II) A bat flies toward a wall at a speed of 7.0...Ch. 16 - In one of the original Doppler experiments, a tuba...Ch. 16 - (II) If a speaker mounted on an automobile...Ch. 16 - A wave on the surface of the ocean with wavelength...Ch. 16 - A factory whistle emits sound of frequency 720 Hz....Ch. 16 - The Doppler effect using ultrasonic waves of...Ch. 16 - (II) An airplane travels at Mach 2.0 where the...Ch. 16 - A space probe enters the thin atmosphere of a...Ch. 16 - A meteorite traveling 8800 m/s strikes the ocean....Ch. 16 - Show that the angle a sonic boom makes with the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 76P Ch. 16 - (II) A supersonic jet traveling at Mach 2.2 at an...Ch. 16 - A fish finder uses a sonar device that sends...Ch. 16 - A science museum has a display called a sewer pipe...Ch. 16 - A single mosquito 5.0 m from a person makes a...Ch. 16 - What is the resultant sound level when an 82-dB...Ch. 16 - The sound level 9.00 m from a loudspeaker, placed...Ch. 16 - A stereo amplifier is rated at 175 W output at...Ch. 16 - Workers around jet aircraft typically wear...Ch. 16 - In audio and communications systems, the gain, ,...Ch. 16 - For large concerts, loudspeakers are sometimes...Ch. 16 - Manufacturers typically offer a particular guitar...Ch. 16 - The high-E string on a guitar is fixed at both...Ch. 16 - Prob. 89GP Ch. 16 - Prob. 90GP Ch. 16 - Two identical tubes, each closed at one end, have...Ch. 16 - Prob. 92GP Ch. 16 - The diameter D of a tube does affect the node at...Ch. 16 - A person hears a pure tone in the 500 to 1000-Hz...Ch. 16 - The frequency of a steam train whistle as it...Ch. 16 - Two trains emit 516-Hz whistles. One train is...Ch. 16 - Two loudspeakers are at opposite ends of a...Ch. 16 - Two open organ pipes, sounding together, produce a...Ch. 16 - A bat flies toward a moth at speed 7.5 m/s while...Ch. 16 - If the velocity of blood flow in the aorta is...Ch. 16 - A bat emits a series of high-frequency sound...Ch. 16 - Prob. 102GP Ch. 16 - Two loudspeakers face each other at opposite ends...Ch. 16 - Prob. 104GP Ch. 16 - The wake of a speedboat is 15 in a lake where the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 106GP Ch. 16 - Prob. 107GP Ch. 16 - Prob. 108GP

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