BIOLOGY 2E
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781506699851
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
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Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 22RQ
Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set gene expression pattern. A targeted therapy that prevents the activation of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer would be beneficial to which type of patient?
- patients who express the EGFR receptor in normal cells
- patients with a mutation that inactivates the estrogen receptor
- patients with lots of the estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor
- patients that have no estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor
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Explain the importance of cell receptors in breast cancer therapy.
Many currently marketed drugs exert their pharmacological effects by binding to ligand-activated transcription factors and modulating gene expression. One example, are various drugs that target the estrogen receptor to treat breast cancer, osteoporosis and post-menopausal symptoms. Below is a ChIP experiment examining the effects of no drug treatment (C), the natural hormone estrogen (E) and the drugs tamoxifen (T) and raloxifene (R) on recruitment of coactivators (SRC-1 and CBP), Histone Deacetylase Complexes (HDACs) and acetylation of histones associated with the C-myc gene. Which of the following statements are correct based on this data (select all that apply)?
Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set gene expression pattern. A targeted therapy that prevents the activation of the estrogen receptor in breast cancer would be beneficial to which type of patient? a. patients who express the EGFR receptor in normal cells b. patients with a mutation that inactivates the estrogen receptor c. patients with lots of the estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor d. patients that have no estrogen receptor expressed in their tumor
Chapter 16 Solutions
BIOLOGY 2E
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.5 In E. coli, the tip operon is on by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels...Ch. 16 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - Post-translational control refers to: regulation...Ch. 16 - How does the regulation of gene expression support...Ch. 16 - If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac...Ch. 16 - Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the...Ch. 16 - The a/a operon is an inducible operon that...Ch. 16 - What are epigenetic modifications? the addition of...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following are true of epigenetic...Ch. 16 - The binding of _____ is required for transcription...Ch. 16 - What will result from the binding of a...Ch. 16 - A scientist compares the promoter regions of two...Ch. 16 - Which of the following are involved in post...Ch. 16 - Binding of an RNA binding protein will the...Ch. 16 - An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following...Ch. 16 - IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to...Ch. 16 - Post-translational modifications of proteins can...Ch. 16 - A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP...Ch. 16 - Cancer causing genes are called transformation...Ch. 16 - Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set...Ch. 16 - Name two differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 16 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...Ch. 16 - Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between a repressible and...Ch. 16 - In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic...Ch. 16 - A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering...Ch. 16 - Some autoimmune diseases show a positive...Ch. 16 - A mutation within the promoter region can alter...Ch. 16 - What could happen if a cell had too much of an...Ch. 16 - A scientist identifies a potential transcription...Ch. 16 - Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from...Ch. 16 - How can external stimuli alter...Ch. 16 - Protein modification can alter gene expression in...Ch. 16 - Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial...Ch. 16 - Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the...Ch. 16 - A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X...Ch. 16 - New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA...Ch. 16 - How can understanding the gene expression pattern...
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