BIOLOGY 2E
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781506699851
Author: OpenStax
Publisher: XANEDU PUBLISHING
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 16, Problem 18RQ
IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to occur in more than 95% of multi-exon genes. Which of the following is not an evolutionary advantage of alternative splicing?
- Alternative splicing increases diversity without increasing genome size
- Different gene isoforms can be expressed in different tissues
- Alternative splicing creates shorter mRNA transcripts
- Different gene isoforms can be expressed during different stages of development.
Expert Solution & Answer
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Students have asked these similar questions
Select all the examples of mutations that are likely to have a global effect on gene expression.
Check All That Apply
a mutation in a splice donor recognition sequence within an snRNA gene
a mutation that reduces expression of an rRNA
a hypomorphic mutation in the catalytic site of RNA polymerase
a silent mutation in a gene encoding a protein in the small ribosomal subunit
a nonsense mutation in a gene encoding an ion channel
Gene X codes for a protein in eukaryotes. A mutated eukaryotic cell contains an altered base-pair in an intron of gene X. Which would be the most likely effect of this mutation on the biomolecules in the cell?
The amount of pre-mRNA transcribed from gene X would be less than normal.
The amount of functional protein corresponding to gene X would be less than normal.
The ability of snRNAs to form a spliceosome would be diminished.
The breakdown of mature mRNA corresponding to gene X would be faster
Cystic fibrosis is a life-threatening disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in areas of the body, including the lungs. Scientists are studying CFTR, the gene
associated with cystic fibrosis in humans. In the majority of cystic fibrosis patients, the same mutation is seen in the same location on the CFTR geně.
A partial DNA sequence, a partial MRNA transcript, and part of the normal polypetide that the makes up the CFTR protein that the CFTR gene codes for are shown in
the diagram below.
DNA 3
MRNA 5
AUC
Polypeptide
A partial DNA sequence, a partial MRNA transcript, and part of the CFTR polypeptide in a cystic fibrosis patient are shown in the diagram below.
DNA 3
CACAA
MRNA 5
Polypeptide
Gly
A Describe the change in the DNA sequence, the effect on the MRNA, and the effect on the polypeptide.
B. Is this a "true" frameshift mutation? Why or why not?
C. Would a single base insertion at the beginning of the gene have a larger or smaller effect on the resulting polypeptide…
Chapter 16 Solutions
BIOLOGY 2E
Ch. 16 - Figure 16.5 In E. coli, the tip operon is on by...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.7 In females, one of the two X...Ch. 16 - Figure 16.13 An increase in phosphorylation levels...Ch. 16 - Control of gene expression in eukaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - Post-translational control refers to: regulation...Ch. 16 - How does the regulation of gene expression support...Ch. 16 - If glucose is absent, but so is lactose, the lac...Ch. 16 - Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus. Therefore, the...Ch. 16 - The a/a operon is an inducible operon that...Ch. 16 - What are epigenetic modifications? the addition of...
Ch. 16 - Which of the following are true of epigenetic...Ch. 16 - The binding of _____ is required for transcription...Ch. 16 - What will result from the binding of a...Ch. 16 - A scientist compares the promoter regions of two...Ch. 16 - Which of the following are involved in post...Ch. 16 - Binding of an RNA binding protein will the...Ch. 16 - An unprocessed pre-mRNA has the following...Ch. 16 - IS. Alternative splicing has been estimated to...Ch. 16 - Post-translational modifications of proteins can...Ch. 16 - A scientist mutates elF-2 to eliminate its GTP...Ch. 16 - Cancer causing genes are called transformation...Ch. 16 - Targeted therapies are used in patients with a set...Ch. 16 - Name two differences between prokaryotic and...Ch. 16 - Describe how controlling gene expression will...Ch. 16 - Describe how transcription in prokaryotic cells...Ch. 16 - What is the difference between a repressible and...Ch. 16 - In cancer cells, alteration to epigenetic...Ch. 16 - A scientific study demonstrated that rat mothering...Ch. 16 - Some autoimmune diseases show a positive...Ch. 16 - A mutation within the promoter region can alter...Ch. 16 - What could happen if a cell had too much of an...Ch. 16 - A scientist identifies a potential transcription...Ch. 16 - Describe how RBPs can prevent miRNAs from...Ch. 16 - How can external stimuli alter...Ch. 16 - Protein modification can alter gene expression in...Ch. 16 - Alternative forms of a protein can be beneficial...Ch. 16 - Changes in epigenetic modifications alter the...Ch. 16 - A scientist discovers a virus encoding a Protein X...Ch. 16 - New drugs are being developed that decrease DNA...Ch. 16 - How can understanding the gene expression pattern...
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
What is the acceleration of a rock thrown straight upward on the way up? At the top of its flight? On the way d...
College Physics
16. Explain some of the reasons why the human species has been able to expand in number and distribution to a g...
Campbell Biology: Concepts & Connections (9th Edition)
1. ___ Mitosis 2. ___ Meiosis 3. __ Homologous chromosomes 4. __ Crossing over 5. __ Cytokinesis A. Cytoplasmic...
Microbiology with Diseases by Body System (5th Edition)
Complete the following summary of Morgans crosses involving the mutant white-eyed fly by filling in the Punnett...
Study Guide for Campbell Biology
Define histology.
Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
1. Which trophic level(s) must be present to sustain any ecosystem?
a. producers only
b. producers and consume...
Biology: Life on Earth (11th Edition)
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Which is not general transcription factors in eukaryotic gene regions?arrow_forwardConsider gene expression in a eukaryotic cell. Which of the following is true for transcription in this cell? Select all that apply. MRNA has to be processed before leaving the nucleus MRNA can be synthesized by Transcription and at the same time this mRNA can be used for protein synthesis or Translation RNA polymerase requires several transcription factors for efficient transcription initiation During Transcription, the enzyme topoisomerase relaxes negative supercoiling in the DNA strandsarrow_forwardSelect four items that are involved in or related to transcriptional control of gene expression (in either pro- or eu-karyotes). -Slide nucleosomes around -control membrane hydrophobicity -methylate DNA -protein denaturation -TFIID and its friends -control mRNA stability -control protein stability -operator/repressor -dynamic instabilityarrow_forward
- Which of the following best explains how the expression of a eukaryotic gene encoding a protein will differ if the gene is expressed in a prokaryotic cell instead of in a eukaryotic cell? No transcript will be made, because eukaryotic DNA cannot be transcribed by prokaryotic RNA polymerase. The protein will be made but will not function, because prokaryotes cannot remove introns. The protein will not be made, because prokaryotes lack the ribosomes necessary for translation. The protein will have a different sequence of amino acids, because prokaryotes use a different genetic code.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is likely associated with the mRNA processing step of alternative splicing? 1. A gene is discovered to encode for two different proteins one protein has 46 amino acids and the other protein has 86 amino acid 2. A gene has 7 exons. one processed mRNA transcript from this gene contains exons 3, 4, 6 and 7. a second process mRNA transcript from this gene contains exons 2, 3, 5, and 7 3. The open reading frame of a gene contains 90 nucleotides but the translated polypeptide contains only 29 amino acids 4. Complexity of the transcrptome ( # of different mRNA molecules) increasesarrow_forwardThe diagram below shows the structure of DNA from the level of a gene to a condensed mitotic chromosome. At each of the four locations marked, indicate how a gene may be regulated by selecting from the choices given. Some answer choices may fit into more than one position; however, you should use each answer choice only once. Choices given: Alternative splicing within the gene sequence can lead to different forms of mRNA. A promoter region can be blocked by another protein. Histone deacetylation can prevent DNA from unwinding. A regulatory region can be bound and increase transcription rates.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the attempt to express a eukaryotic gene in bacteria is TRUE? Choose an answer below: The eukaryotic promoter will function in the bacterial cells. The transcript will be capped. Expression of the gene will always yield a functional protein. The stop codon of the eukaryotic gene will function in the bacterial cells. The transcript will be spliced the same way as in eukaryotic cells.arrow_forwardMatch the term with its definition comparing genomic DNA, mRNA, and proteins. You may only use each option ONCE. where transcription starts. where translation ends a chemical group that indicates the first nucleotide that was added to the mRNA a chemical group that indicates the first amino acid that was added to the polypeptide a DNA sequence that is neither transcribed nor translated a non-protein coding region upstream of the start codon in the mRNA promoter complimentary base-pairs with the codon amino-terminus a DNA sequence that is transcribed, but not intron translated [Choose ] stop codon +1 site tRNA 5-prime UTR start codon exon 5-prime triphosphate promoter amino-terminus 5-prime triphosphate stop codonarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements is false? a mutation in a 5' or 3' splice site must alter the sequence of the protein encoded by a gene a missense mutations replaces one amino acid with a different amino acid a mutation in a promoter is unlikely to alter the sequence of the polypeptide encoded by a gene a mutation in a transcriptional terminator is unlikely to alter the sequence of a protein encoded by a gene. a frameshift mutation changes the sequence of a protein 0000arrow_forward
- Dystrophin is a protein that forms part of a vital protein complex that connects the cytoskeleton of a muscle fiber cell to the extracellular matrix. This connection strengthens and shapes the muscle fibers. Dystrophin is coded by the DMD gene. This is one of the longest human genes known, covering 2,300,000 base pairs (0.08% of the human genome) It is located in chromosome 21. The immature mRNA is 2,100,000 bases long and takes 16 hours to transcribe. It contains 79 exons. The mature mRNA measures 14,000 and codes for a protein with 3,685 amino acids. Abnormal expression of dystrophin leads to severe symptoms like muscle weakness and fatigability, a disease that is called muscular dystrophy. Most patients with muscular dystrophy become wheelchair dependent early in life. Cardiac muscle is also affected which results typically in premature death (~ second or third decade of life). Several mutations in this gene have led to the production of low levels of dystrophin or of a defective,…arrow_forwardThis is a list of molecular changes that could happen during DNA replication, transcription, mRNA processing, or translation. For each, determine whether or not the change will be passed down through generations of cells after it occurs. Explain your answer. C->G point mutation in the DNA of a coding region of a gene A->T point mutation in the noncoding region of a gene An error in transcription changes the mRNA sequence such that what was an amino acid-coding codon in the DNA sequence is now a stop codon in the mRNA sequence. An error in translation causes the amino acid alanine (nonpolar) to be replaced by the amino acid glutamic acid (polar and negatively charged).arrow_forwardConsider gene expression in a prokaryotic or bacterial cell. Which of the following is true for transcription in this cell? Select all that apply. During Transcription, the enzyme topoisomerase relaxes negative supercoiling in the DNA strands MRNA can be synthesized by Transcription and at the same time this mRNA can be used for protein synthesis or Translation MRNA has to be processed before leaving the nucleus RNA polymerase requires sigma factor for efficient transcription initiationarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Biology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStax
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning
Biology 2e
Biology
ISBN:9781947172517
Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher:OpenStax
Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...
Biology
ISBN:9781305251052
Author:Michael Cummings
Publisher:Cengage Learning
QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY