Concept explainers
To describe: One observation in the human pedigree that rules out a recessive pattern of inheritance.
Introduction: Genetic disorder are caused due to abnormalities in the genome of a person and these disorders are inheritable from the parents to the offspring. Genetic disorders are of different types depending on the location of the infected genes and the type of allele on the chromosome such as autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, Y-linked and mitochondrial disorders. For understanding the inheritance of human genetic diseases “pedigree analysis” is considered the most effective tool and it follows simple Mendelian pattern.
To describe: One observation in the human pedigree that rules out a dominant pattern of inheritance.
Introduction: The dominant and recessive pattern of inheritance is observed using the pedigree analysis. For a dominant pattern to be inherited only one of the dominant alleles need to be transferred but the recessive pattern of inheritance requires both the alleles that are transferred to be recessive.
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Biology
- In humans, brown eyes are dominant to blue eyes, and the ability to roll your tongue is dominant to not being able to roll your tongue. If a mother who was heterozygous for eye colour and homozygous recessive for tongue rolling had a baby with a father that was heterozygous for both traits, what is the probability that their child would have blue eyes and could roll their tongue?arrow_forwardMendel's second postulate states: When two different unit factors responsible for a characteristic are found in the same organism, one will dominate and determine the characteristic type. Explain this postulate using modern genetic terms. Be sure to include the following terms in your explanation: dominant, recessive, allele, phenotype, genotype.arrow_forwardAlbinism is the absence of pigment throughout the body. Animals with albinism have white fur and reddish eyes. Albinism is inherited as a recessive trait, so animals with two a alleles have albinism, whereas animals with at least one dominant A allele have normal coloring. Using the Punnett square below, determine the probability of two albino parents (with aa genotypes) producing a child with albinism.arrow_forward
- In Alaskan Malamute dogs, an autosomal recessive allele causes a condition in which the cartilage in the front legs fails to develop properly. This results in a type of dwarfism. Dogs with the dominant wild-type allele are of normal height. In the same breed of dogs, there is an autosomal dominant allele that codes for a curled tail and a recessive allele that codes for an uncurled tail. Show the possible genotypes for the offspring of a dog heterozygous for height and tail curl crossed with a dog recessive for both traits. Your answer must include the use of a Punnett square and a legend indicating the allele symbols used.arrow_forwardMendel's concept of dominance states that in a genotype where two different alleles of a locus are present, only the trait encoded by the dominant allele is observed. Give a molecular explanation for dominance, i.e. explain intracellular molecular events that can result in what we observe as dominance on a phenotypic level. Use the gene that encodes seed shape in peas as an example, where roun(R) is dominant over wrinkled(r), to explain how RR and Rr plants can have the same phenotype.arrow_forwardFor some traits, one allele is not completely dominant to another. Incomplete dominance occurs when neither allele dominates over the other. The resulting phenotype of heterozygotes is an intermediate of the two extremes. Incomplete dominant genes control snapdragon flower color. Red flower plants crossed with white flower plants produce offspring with pink flowers. One human trait that is thought to be inherited in this fashion is hair structure. Curly hair and straight hair are due to homozygous genotypes and wavy hair is produced by the heterozygous genotype. An incompletely dominant gene also controls the plumage of chickens. Black plumage and white plumage are due to homozygous genotypes and a blue-grey color results from a heterozygous genotype. Using Punnett squares and variations of the letter “B”, answer questions 1-3 and use variations of the letter “R” to answer questions 4-5. What type of offspring and in what ratio would you expect from a cross between a black…arrow_forward
- Red-green color blindness is inherited as an X-linked recessive (Xc). If a color-blind man marries a woman who is heterozygous for normal vision, what would be the expected phenotypes of their children with reference to this character? In your answer, specify in your phenotype descriptions the gender of the children. (For example, don’t just say 75% of the children would be colorblind – you would instead say 100 % of the daughters would be colorblind and 50% of the sons would be colorblind. Note that this is not a correct answer; it is just to give you an idea of how to explain the correct phenotypes of the cross.)___arrow_forwardPeople with recessive disorders are usually born to normal parents who are both heterozygotes which means that both parents are carriers of the dominant allele for the disorder but appear normal themselves. Select one: True Falsearrow_forwardHumans who have an abnormally high level of cholesterol are said to suer from familial hypercholesterolemia . The gene for this disorder is dominant (C). A man who is heterozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia marries a woman who is homozygous for the recessive allele. What is the probability that they will have children that suer from this disorder?arrow_forward
- One example of non-Mendelian inheritance is uniparental inheritance. Choose the definition of uniparental inheritance. One parent transmits all genetic information to all offspring. Two parents transmit combined genetic information to all offspring. Two parents transmit combined genetic information to half of their offspring. One parent transmits all genetic material to only half of the offspring. Select the examples of genetic material that are uniparentally inherited in sexually reproducing eukaryotes. nuclear DNA mitochondrial DNA plastid DNA endoplasmic reticulum DNAarrow_forwardColor-blindness is a recessive disorder found on the X chromosome. There can be individuals that are carriers for the trait (Of the two X chromosomes they have, only one has the colorblindness allele while the other is normal. In this pattern of inheritance, all carriers are female). We express sex-linked traits with respect to our sex chromosomes. For example, if the allele for colorblindness is "b" and the allele for normal color vision is "B", then a female carrier is X x. II III IV 6. What are the two sex chromosomes for females? What are the two sex chromosomes for males? 7. Is the Generation I male colorblind? his sex chromosomes)?. What is his genotype (be sure to express it with regard to 8. Why are all the females in Generation II carriers? (be careful: one of the females shown "married in" to the family) 9. The first couple in Generation II has four children. Show the genotypes of their daughters. What is the probability their daughters will be carriers? 10. If a female…arrow_forwardThis pedigree (below) shows inheritance of a genetic disorder in a family. Assume the trait is rare. What is the mode of inheritance for this trait? [Select] You know this because that mode of inheritance is characterized by: [Select] individuals who have the allele express it and • An affected male parent passes the allele to [Select] and [Select] of his daughters. • An affected female parent passes the allele to sons and [Select] [Select] of her daughters. 1008 ㅇㅁㅇㄹ O ✓ of his sons of herarrow_forward
- Human Biology (MindTap Course List)BiologyISBN:9781305112100Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillanPublisher:Cengage Learning