Enteric bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and propionic acid bacteria have distinctive
To describe:
The metabolic characteristics of enteric bacteria, propionic acid bacteria, and lactic acid bacteria, name a genus that belongs to each group, and indicate by what means these organisms can be distinguished.
Concept introduction:
The order Lactobacillales comprised of fermentative organisms such as lactic acid bacteria. The lactic acid bacteria generate lactic acid as the end-product after the fermentation process. Enteric acid bacteria are bacteria usually resides in the intestine of humans and animals. The enteric bacteria play an important role in digestion of their hosts. The propionic acid bacteria reside in the sweat glands of the human and it is also present in the stomach of the ruminants.
Explanation of Solution
Enteric bacteria, for example species of Escherichia are facultative anaerobes. They inhabit the gastrointestinal tract of humans and warm-blooded animals, where they characteristically grow chemoorganotrophically by means of fermentation. They live in a wide range of substrates. Under anaerobic conditions they use mixed-acid fermentation generating succinate, acetate, ethanol, and lactate.
Lactic acid bacteria, for example species of Lactobacillus are aerotolerant, anaerobes. During fermentative metabolism, they yield lactate as the major product, in which energy is produced by substrate-level phosphorylation. The lactic acid bacteria have restricted biosynthetic abilities and characteristically have complex nutritional necessities such as amino acids, vitamins, purines, and pyrimidines.
Propionic acid bacteria are fermentative bacteria, for example species of Propionibacterium. They commonly establish in the sweat glands of humans and the stomachs of ruminants. The propionic acid bacteria generate acetic acid, propionic acid, and Co2 as products of anaerobic metabolism. Lactate is the major substrate for propionic acid bacteria, which is already a fermentation product. Therefore, propionic acid bacteria carry out secondary fermentation by fermenting the previous product of fermentation.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 16 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
- Provide an example of an organism within each of the four main nutritional categories of microbes and describe how each obtains its essential nutrients. Provide evidence in support of or refuting the following statement: Microbial life can exist in the complete absence of both sunlight or organic nutrients. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technology that requires high temperatures to reproduce DNA fragments. Explain why the discovery of thermophilic archaea and their associated DNA polymerases was critical to the success of this technique. Summarize how the electron transport chain functions to produce ATP in a bacterial cell versus eukaryotic cell. Explain whether or not the term chemiosmosis accurately illustrates this process.arrow_forwardBacteria in the genus Clostridium are known for living within the deepest areas within puncture wounds, causing diseases like tetanus and gas gangrene. Based on the description provided, what category of oxygen requirement would be appropriate for the genus Clostridium?arrow_forward. This flowchart helps distinguish among organisms by asking questions that have one of two possible answers. As a result, this flowchart can also be called a dichotomous key (from Greek dikho- 'in two' + temnein 'to cut'). Complete the flowchart by properly placing these genera: Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Mycobacterium, Neisseria, and Staphylococcus. You may need to look up additional information about these genera. Gram reaction Rod-shaped Negative Coccus-shaped Rod-shaped Positive Coccus-shaped Acid-fast Not acid-fast Spore-former No sporesarrow_forward
- For this assignment you will create a dichotomous key to help you Identify Bacteria (which are a pain in the bum to identify on the species level.) We will be focused on the general terms of bacteria and the only Phylum that will be addressed is the Cyanobacteria. Use the following to create a dichotomous key to begin to identify Bacteria: BACTERIA Bacillus Coccus Spirillium Phylum Cyanobacteria Gram (+) (-) Root nodules To Begin use the following question: Does the organism exhibit a membrane bound nucleus?arrow_forwardWhat is the rational for classifying microorganisms as aerobic and anaerobic? Be sure to incude the names of any enzymes if applicable.arrow_forwardWhen you see a publication describing an enzyme from Candidatus Pseudomonas utahensis you can infer that this organism (select all that apply) has not been grown in pure culture. has not been formally recognized as a species. is described in Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. has been deposited in a culture collection. has been grown in pure culture. Please select more than onearrow_forward
- A large oil spill in the Pacific Ocean is threatening marine life. Scientists charged with cleaning up the spill believe bioremediation is the best option, but they are not sure what type of bacterial species to use in the bioremediation process. To help them in their decision, they have listed the nutritional modes of each species. Given your knowledge of the different nutritional modes of bacteria, which nutritional mode would be most beneficial in bioremediation of the oil spill? Chemophototroph Extremotroph Photoautotroph Chemoheterotropharrow_forward70) The term Autotroph in bacteria refers to _____ source for an organism: a) Carbon b) Energy c) Electron d) Food e) Macromolecule71) A Chemolithotrophic organism gets its energy from: a) Chemical bond present in organic substance b) Chemical bond present in inorganic substance c) Chemical bond present in light d) a and c are correct e) none of the above72) Precursor metabolites are used in the biosynthetic pathways to: a) build elements b) assemble macromolecules c) assemble polymers d) monomers e) reduce sugararrow_forwardThere are three main ways that bacteria and archaea are essential to eukaryotic life. Explain the three different ways and give at least one example of each.arrow_forward
- Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)BiologyISBN:9780134580999Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. HoehnPublisher:PEARSONBiology 2eBiologyISBN:9781947172517Author:Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann ClarkPublisher:OpenStaxAnatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781259398629Author:McKinley, Michael P., O'loughlin, Valerie Dean, Bidle, Theresa StouterPublisher:Mcgraw Hill Education,
- Molecular Biology of the Cell (Sixth Edition)BiologyISBN:9780815344322Author:Bruce Alberts, Alexander D. Johnson, Julian Lewis, David Morgan, Martin Raff, Keith Roberts, Peter WalterPublisher:W. W. Norton & CompanyLaboratory Manual For Human Anatomy & PhysiologyBiologyISBN:9781260159363Author:Martin, Terry R., Prentice-craver, CynthiaPublisher:McGraw-Hill Publishing Co.Inquiry Into Life (16th Edition)BiologyISBN:9781260231700Author:Sylvia S. Mader, Michael WindelspechtPublisher:McGraw Hill Education