(a) Interpretation: The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined. Concept introduction: The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M + peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M + and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 16.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 16.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 16.76P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The formula of a compound that can produce the given mass spectrum is to be determined.

Concept introduction:

The mass spectrum of a compound is often represented as a bar graph with m/z on the x axis (where m is in atomic mass units, u) and the relative abundance of ions at each m/z on the y axis. The mass of each ion is just the mass of the atoms that make it up. The M+ peak of a mass spectrum is taken to be the compound’s molecular mass. From the ratio of the M+ and M + 1 peak intensities, the number of carbon atoms is calculated. The masses of the C atoms and the heteroatoms are subtracted from the molecular mass. The remaining mass reasonably is made up by hydrogens. If that number of H atoms is unreasonably high, then consider adding another non-hydrogen atom to the formula.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.1P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.2P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.3P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.4P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.5P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.6P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.7P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.8P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.9P Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.10P

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