Organic Chemistry
8th Edition
ISBN: 9781337516402
Author: Brown
Publisher: Cengage
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Chapter 16, Problem 16.68P
Treating a Grignard reagent with carbon dioxide followed by aqueous HCl gives a
Propose a structural formula for the bracketed intermediate and a mechanism for its formation.
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Using the conditions of spontaneity to deduce the signs of AH and AS
Use the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy
AS.
Note: if you have not been given enough information to decide a sign, select the "unknown" option.
reaction
observations
conclusions
A
This reaction is always spontaneous, but
proceeds slower at temperatures above
120. °C.
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
AS is
(pick one)
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
B
This reaction is spontaneous except above
117. °C.
AS is
(pick one)
ΔΗ is
(pick one)
This reaction is slower below 20. °C than
C
above.
AS is
|(pick one)
?
18
Ar
1
Calculating the pH at equivalence of a titration
Try Again
Your answer is incorrect.
0/5
a
A chemist titrates 70.0 mL of a 0.7089 M hydrocyanic acid (HCN) solution with 0.4574M KOH solution at 25 °C. Calculate the pH at equivalence. The pK of
hydrocyanic acid is 9.21.
Round your answer to 2 decimal places.
Note for advanced students: you may assume the total volume of the solution equals the initial volume plus the volume of KOH solution added.
pH
=
11.43]
G
00.
18
Ar
B•
Chapter 16 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 16.1 - Write the IUPAC name for each compound. Specify...Ch. 16.1 - Write structural formulas for all aldehydes with...Ch. 16.1 - Write the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 16.4PCh. 16.6 - Prob. 16.5PCh. 16.7 - Prob. 16.6PCh. 16.7 - Write a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed...Ch. 16.8 - Prob. 16.8PCh. 16.8 - The given mechanism of transamination reaction is...Ch. 16.8 - The given mechanism of transamination reaction is...
Ch. 16.8 - The given mechanism of transamination reaction is...Ch. 16.8 - Prob. DQCh. 16.8 - Prob. EQCh. 16.8 - The given mechanism of transamination reaction is...Ch. 16.9 - Predict the position of the following equilibrium.Ch. 16.9 - Draw a structural formula for the keto form of...Ch. 16.10 - Prob. 16.11PCh. 16.11 - What aldehyde or ketone gives these alcohols upon...Ch. 16.11 - Prob. 16.13PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.14PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.15PCh. 16 - The infrared spectrum of compound A, C6H12O, shows...Ch. 16 - Following are 1H-NMR spectra for compounds B...Ch. 16 - Draw structural formulas for the product formed by...Ch. 16 - Suggest a synthesis for the following alcohols...Ch. 16 - Show how to synthesize the following alcohol using...Ch. 16 - 1-Phenyl-2-butanol is used in perfumery. Show how...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.22PCh. 16 - Draw structural formulas for (1) the...Ch. 16 - Show how to bring about the following conversions...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.25PCh. 16 - Wittig reactions with the following -chloroethers...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.27PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.28PCh. 16 - 5-Hydroxyhexanal forms a six-membered cyclic...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.30PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.31PCh. 16 - Propose a mechanism to account for the formation...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.33PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.34PCh. 16 - Show how to bring about the following conversion.Ch. 16 - A primary or secondary alcohol can be protected by...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.37PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.38PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.39PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.40PCh. 16 - The following molecule belongs to a class of...Ch. 16 - When cis-2-decalone is dissolved in ether...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.43PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.44PCh. 16 - The following bicyclic ketone has two -carbons and...Ch. 16 - Propose a mechanism for this reaction.Ch. 16 - The base-promoted rearrangement of an -haloketone...Ch. 16 - If the Favorskii rearrangement of...Ch. 16 - (R)-Pulegone, readily available from pennyroyal...Ch. 16 - (R)-Pulegone is converted to (R)-citronellic acid...Ch. 16 - Starting with cyclohexanone, show how to prepare...Ch. 16 - Show how to convert cyclopentanone to these...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.53PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.54PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.55PCh. 16 - Following is the structural formula of Surfynol, a...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.57PCh. 16 - Propose a mechanism for this isomerization.Ch. 16 - Starting with acetylene and 1-bromobutane as the...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.60PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.61PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.62PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.63PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.64PCh. 16 - All rearrangements we have discussed so far have...Ch. 16 - In dilute aqueous base, (R)-glyceraldehyde is...Ch. 16 - Treatment of -D-glucose with methanol in the...Ch. 16 - Treating a Grignard reagent with carbon dioxide...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.69PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.70PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.71PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.72PCh. 16 - Write the products of the following sequences of...Ch. 16 - Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how...Ch. 16 - Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how...Ch. 16 - Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how...Ch. 16 - Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how...Ch. 16 - Prob. 16.78PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.79PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.80PCh. 16 - Prob. 16.81P
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- Using the conditions of spontaneity to deduce the signs of AH and AS Use the observations about each chemical reaction in the table below to decide the sign (positive or negative) of the reaction enthalpy AH and reaction entropy AS. Note: if you have not been given enough information to decide a sign, select the "unknown" option. reaction observations conclusions A The reverse of this reaction is always spontaneous but proceeds faster at temperatures above -48. °C. ΔΗ is (pick one) ✓ AS is (pick one) B This reaction is spontaneous except below 114. °C but proceeds at a slower rate below 135. °C. ΔΗ is (pick one) AS is (pick one) ΔΗ is C This reaction is exothermic and proceeds faster at temperatures above -43. °C. (pick one) AS is (pick one) v Х 5 ? 18 Ararrow_forwardion. A student proposes the following Lewis structure for the perchlorate (CIO) io : :0: : Cl : - - : :0: ك Assign a formal charge to each atom in the student's Lewis structure. atom central O formal charge ☐ top O ☐ right O ☐ bottom O ☐ Cl ☐arrow_forwardDecide whether these proposed Lewis structures are reasonable. proposed Lewis structure Yes. Is the proposed Lewis structure reasonable? Cl- : 2: :Z: :Z: N—N : 0: C C1: O CO No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: ☐ No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* ☐ Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: ☐ No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* | Yes. No, it has the wrong number of valence electrons. The correct number is: No, it has the right number of valence electrons but doesn't satisfy the octet rule. The symbols of the problem atoms are:* | If two or more atoms of the same element don't satisfy the octet rule, just enter the chemical symbol as many times as necessary. For example, if two oxygen atoms don't satisfy the octet rule, enter "0,0". ☑arrow_forward
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