The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate. The mechanism has to be proposed for the acid-catalyzed cyclization in step-1. Concept Introduction: The ring cyclization occurs when an acyclic molecule reacts with acid. by the abstraction of proton from the acid molecule, internal bond shifting occurs to form the cyclization product.

Question

Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following species. Again, assign charges where appropriate. a. H-H¯ b. CH3-CH3 c. CH3+CH3 d. CH3 CH3 e. CH3NH3+CH3NH3 f. CH30-CH3O¯ g. CH2CH2 - h. HC2-(HCC) HC2 (HCC) i. H202×(HOOH) H₂O₂ (HOOH) Norton

Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.60P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the acid-catalyzed cyclization in step-1.

Concept Introduction:

The ring cyclization occurs when an acyclic molecule reacts with acid. by the abstraction of proton from the acid molecule, internal bond shifting occurs to form the cyclization product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents has to be given for the reaction involved in step-2.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the formation of phosphonium salt in step-4.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents that are involved in the reaction of step-3 has to be proposed.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

Wittig reaction of step-5 has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

The reaction of carbonyl compound with the ylide of phosphonium salt to give an alkene is said to be Wittig reaction.

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Draw a Lewis structure for each of the following species. Again, assign charges where appropriate. a. H-H¯ b. CH3-CH3 c. CH3+CH3 d. CH3 CH3 e. CH3NH3+CH3NH3 f. CH30-CH3O¯ g. CH2CH2 - h. HC2-(HCC) HC2 (HCC) i. H202×(HOOH) H₂O₂ (HOOH) Norton

Is molecule 6 an enantiomer?

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Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.60P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the acid-catalyzed cyclization in step-1.

Concept Introduction:

The ring cyclization occurs when an acyclic molecule reacts with acid. by the abstraction of proton from the acid molecule, internal bond shifting occurs to form the cyclization product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents has to be given for the reaction involved in step-2.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the formation of phosphonium salt in step-4.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents that are involved in the reaction of step-3 has to be proposed.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

Wittig reaction of step-5 has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

The reaction of carbonyl compound with the ylide of phosphonium salt to give an alkene is said to be Wittig reaction.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.60P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the acid-catalyzed cyclization in step-1.

Concept Introduction:

The ring cyclization occurs when an acyclic molecule reacts with acid. by the abstraction of proton from the acid molecule, internal bond shifting occurs to form the cyclization product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents has to be given for the reaction involved in step-2.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the formation of phosphonium salt in step-4.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents that are involved in the reaction of step-3 has to be proposed.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

Wittig reaction of step-5 has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

The reaction of carbonyl compound with the ylide of phosphonium salt to give an alkene is said to be Wittig reaction.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.60P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the acid-catalyzed cyclization in step-1.

Concept Introduction:

The ring cyclization occurs when an acyclic molecule reacts with acid. by the abstraction of proton from the acid molecule, internal bond shifting occurs to form the cyclization product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents has to be given for the reaction involved in step-2.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the formation of phosphonium salt in step-4.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents that are involved in the reaction of step-3 has to be proposed.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

Wittig reaction of step-5 has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

The reaction of carbonyl compound with the ylide of phosphonium salt to give an alkene is said to be Wittig reaction.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 16.60P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the acid-catalyzed cyclization in step-1.

Concept Introduction:

The ring cyclization occurs when an acyclic molecule reacts with acid. by the abstraction of proton from the acid molecule, internal bond shifting occurs to form the cyclization product.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents has to be given for the reaction involved in step-2.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the formation of phosphonium salt in step-4.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents that are involved in the reaction of step-3 has to be proposed.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

Wittig reaction of step-5 has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

The reaction of carbonyl compound with the ylide of phosphonium salt to give an alkene is said to be Wittig reaction.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 16.60P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the acid-catalyzed cyclization in step-1.

Concept Introduction:

The ring cyclization occurs when an acyclic molecule reacts with acid. by the abstraction of proton from the acid molecule, internal bond shifting occurs to form the cyclization product.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 16.60P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the acid-catalyzed cyclization in step-1.

Concept Introduction:

The ring cyclization occurs when an acyclic molecule reacts with acid. by the abstraction of proton from the acid molecule, internal bond shifting occurs to form the cyclization product.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents has to be given for the reaction involved in step-2.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents has to be given for the reaction involved in step-2.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the formation of phosphonium salt in step-4.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the formation of phosphonium salt in step-4.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents that are involved in the reaction of step-3 has to be proposed.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents that are involved in the reaction of step-3 has to be proposed.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

Wittig reaction of step-5 has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

The reaction of carbonyl compound with the ylide of phosphonium salt to give an alkene is said to be Wittig reaction.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

Wittig reaction of step-5 has to be shown.

Concept Introduction:

Wittig reaction:

The reaction of carbonyl compound with the ylide of phosphonium salt to give an alkene is said to be Wittig reaction.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 27

Ch. 16.1 - Write the IUPAC name for each compound. Specify...Ch. 16.1 - Write structural formulas for all aldehydes with...Ch. 16.1 - Write the IUPAC name for each compound.Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 16.4P Ch. 16.6 - Prob. 16.5P Ch. 16.7 - Prob. 16.6P Ch. 16.7 - Write a mechanism for the acid-catalyzed...Ch. 16.8 - Prob. 16.8P Ch. 16.8 - The given mechanism of transamination reaction is...Ch. 16.8 - The given mechanism of transamination reaction is...

Interpretation: The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate. The reagents has to be given for the reaction involved in step-2.

Interpretation: The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate. The mechanism has to be proposed for the formation of phosphonium salt in step-4.

Interpretation: The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate. The reagents that are involved in the reaction of step-3 has to be proposed.

Chapter 16 Solutions

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents has to be given for the reaction involved in step-2.

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The mechanism has to be proposed for the formation of phosphonium salt in step-4.

Interpretation:

The given reactions are final steps in one industrial synthesis of vitamin A acetate.

The reagents that are involved in the reaction of step-3 has to be proposed.