
Concept explainers
Determine the percent ionization of the following solutions of phenol: (a) 0.56 M, (b) 0.25 M, (c) l.8 × 10−6 M.
(a)

Interpretation:
The percent ionization of the given solutions of phenol has to be calculated
Concept Information:
Acid ionization constant
Acids ionize in water. Strong acids ionize completely whereas weak acids ionize to some limited extent.
The degree to which a weak acid ionizes depends on the concentration of the acid and the equilibrium constant for the ionization.
The ionization of a weak acid
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Where,
Percent ionization:
A quantitative measure of the degree of ionization is percent ionization.
For a weak, monoprotic acid
To Calculate: The percent ionization of the given solutions of phenol
The percent ionization of given 0.56 M solution of phenol
Answer to Problem 16.54QP
Answer
The percent ionization of the given solution (a) of phenol is 0.0015%
Explanation of Solution
Record the given datas
The concentration of the given solutions of phenol:
0.56 M,
From the given concentrations of phenol solution and
Calculation for finding out hydrogen ions:
From the equilibrium table for given phenol solution, the concentration of hydrogen ion can be found as follows,
Construct an equilibrium table and express the equilibrium concentration of each species in terms of
| |||
Initial
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
| |
Equilibrium
|
|
|
The
Assuming that x is small compared to 0.56, we neglect it in the denominator:
Therefore, the
Calculation of percent ionization
The percent ionization can be calculated as follows,
Therefore, the percent ionization of given 0.56 M phenol solution is 0.0015%
(b)

Interpretation:
The percent ionization of the given solutions of phenol has to be calculated
Concept Information:
Acid ionization constant
Acids ionize in water. Strong acids ionize completely whereas weak acids ionize to some limited extent.
The degree to which a weak acid ionizes depends on the concentration of the acid and the equilibrium constant for the ionization.
The ionization of a weak acid
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Where,
Percent ionization:
A quantitative measure of the degree of ionization is percent ionization.
For a weak, monoprotic acid
To Calculate: The percent ionization of the given solutions of phenol
The percent ionization of given 0.25 M solution of phenol
Answer to Problem 16.54QP
Answer
The percent ionization of the given solution (b) of phenol is 0.0023%
Explanation of Solution
Record the given datas
The concentration of the given solutions of phenol:
0.25 M,
From the given concentrations of phenol solution and
Calculation for finding out hydrogen ions:
From the equilibrium table for given phenol solution, the concentration of hydrogen ion can be found as follows,
Construct an equilibrium table and express the equilibrium concentration of each species in terms of
| |||
Initial
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
| |
Equilibrium
|
|
|
The
Assuming that x is small compared to 0.25, we neglect it in the denominator:
Therefore, the
Calculation of percent ionization
The percent ionization can be calculated as follows,
Therefore, the percent ionization of given 0.25 M phenol solution is 0.0023%
(c)

Interpretation:
The percent ionization of the given solutions of phenol has to be calculated
Concept Information:
Acid ionization constant
Acids ionize in water. Strong acids ionize completely whereas weak acids ionize to some limited extent.
The degree to which a weak acid ionizes depends on the concentration of the acid and the equilibrium constant for the ionization.
The ionization of a weak acid
The equilibrium expression for the above reaction is given below.
Where,
Percent ionization:
A quantitative measure of the degree of ionization is percent ionization.
For a weak, monoprotic acid
To Calculate: The percent ionization of the given solutions of phenol
The percent ionization of given
Answer to Problem 16.54QP
Answer
The percent ionization of the given solution (c) of phenol is 0.89%
Explanation of Solution
Record the given datas
The concentration of the given solutions of phenol:
From the given concentrations of phenol solution and
Calculation for finding out hydrogen ions:
From the equilibrium table for given phenol solution, the concentration of hydrogen ion can be found as follows,
Construct an equilibrium table and express the equilibrium concentration of each species in terms of
| |||
Initial
|
|
|
|
Change
|
|
| |
Equilibrium
|
|
|
The
Assuming that x is small compared to
Therefore, the
Calculation of percent ionization
The percent ionization can be calculated as follows,
Therefore, the percent ionization of given 0.56 M phenol solution is 0.89%
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Chapter 16 Solutions
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