Chapter 16, Problem 16.34P

(a) Natural or “unpolluted” rain has a pH of 5.6. By what fact or has the concentration of ${\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{O+}}$ increased in acid rain with a pH of 3.6?

(b) In southeastern Canada, the average pH of lakes is 5.1, well below the pH of 6.5 required for a healthy aquatic ecosyst em. Calculate ${\text{[H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}]$ and ${\text{[OH}}^{\text{-}}]$ in a lake with $pH=\mathrm{5.10.}$