Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. NPD1 a. Label each double bond as conjugated or isolated. b. Label each double bond as E or Z . c. For each conjugated system, label the given conformation as s -cis or s -trans.

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P

Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P, Problem 16.11 Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential

NPD1

a. Label each double bond as conjugated or isolated.

b. Label each double bond as E or Z.

c. For each conjugated system, label the given conformation as s-cis or s-trans.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as conjugated or isolated.

Concept introduction: Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms.

The example that shows the basic difference between conjugated diene and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In conjugated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are delocalized, whereas in isolated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are localized.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms. Therefore, carbon atoms of a conjugated double bond are sp2 hybridized, whereas carbon atoms of a isolated double bond is one or more sp3 hybridized.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated or isolated is rightfully stated.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as E or Z.

Concept introduction: The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 2

The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as E or Z is rightfully stated.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. For each conjugated system in NPD1 is to be labeled as s−cis or s−trans conformation.

Concept introduction: “If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 2

“If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Conclusion

The s−cis and s−trans conformation for each conjugated system in NPD1 is rightfully stated.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P

Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P, Problem 16.11 Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential

NPD1

a. Label each double bond as conjugated or isolated.

b. Label each double bond as E or Z.

c. For each conjugated system, label the given conformation as s-cis or s-trans.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as conjugated or isolated.

Concept introduction: Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms.

The example that shows the basic difference between conjugated diene and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In conjugated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are delocalized, whereas in isolated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are localized.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms. Therefore, carbon atoms of a conjugated double bond are sp2 hybridized, whereas carbon atoms of a isolated double bond is one or more sp3 hybridized.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated or isolated is rightfully stated.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as E or Z.

Concept introduction: The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 2

The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as E or Z is rightfully stated.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. For each conjugated system in NPD1 is to be labeled as s−cis or s−trans conformation.

Concept introduction: “If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 2

“If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Conclusion

The s−cis and s−trans conformation for each conjugated system in NPD1 is rightfully stated.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P

Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P, Problem 16.11 Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential

NPD1

a. Label each double bond as conjugated or isolated.

b. Label each double bond as E or Z.

c. For each conjugated system, label the given conformation as s-cis or s-trans.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as conjugated or isolated.

Concept introduction: Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms.

The example that shows the basic difference between conjugated diene and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In conjugated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are delocalized, whereas in isolated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are localized.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms. Therefore, carbon atoms of a conjugated double bond are sp2 hybridized, whereas carbon atoms of a isolated double bond is one or more sp3 hybridized.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated or isolated is rightfully stated.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as E or Z.

Concept introduction: The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 2

The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as E or Z is rightfully stated.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. For each conjugated system in NPD1 is to be labeled as s−cis or s−trans conformation.

Concept introduction: “If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 2

“If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Conclusion

The s−cis and s−trans conformation for each conjugated system in NPD1 is rightfully stated.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P

Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent.

Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P, Problem 16.11 Neuroprotectin D1 (NPD1) is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential

NPD1

a. Label each double bond as conjugated or isolated.

b. Label each double bond as E or Z.

c. For each conjugated system, label the given conformation as s-cis or s-trans.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as conjugated or isolated.

Concept introduction: Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms.

The example that shows the basic difference between conjugated diene and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In conjugated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are delocalized, whereas in isolated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are localized.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms. Therefore, carbon atoms of a conjugated double bond are sp2 hybridized, whereas carbon atoms of a isolated double bond is one or more sp3 hybridized.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated or isolated is rightfully stated.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as E or Z.

Concept introduction: The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 2

The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as E or Z is rightfully stated.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. For each conjugated system in NPD1 is to be labeled as s−cis or s−trans conformation.

Concept introduction: “If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 2

“If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Conclusion

The s−cis and s−trans conformation for each conjugated system in NPD1 is rightfully stated.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as conjugated or isolated.

Concept introduction: Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms.

The example that shows the basic difference between conjugated diene and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In conjugated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are delocalized, whereas in isolated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are localized.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms. Therefore, carbon atoms of a conjugated double bond are sp2 hybridized, whereas carbon atoms of a isolated double bond is one or more sp3 hybridized.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated or isolated is rightfully stated.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as E or Z.

Concept introduction: The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 2

The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as E or Z is rightfully stated.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. For each conjugated system in NPD1 is to be labeled as s−cis or s−trans conformation.

Concept introduction: “If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 2

“If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Conclusion

The s−cis and s−trans conformation for each conjugated system in NPD1 is rightfully stated.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as conjugated or isolated.

Concept introduction: Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms.

The example that shows the basic difference between conjugated diene and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In conjugated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are delocalized, whereas in isolated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are localized.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms. Therefore, carbon atoms of a conjugated double bond are sp2 hybridized, whereas carbon atoms of a isolated double bond is one or more sp3 hybridized.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated or isolated is rightfully stated.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as conjugated or isolated.

Concept introduction: Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms.

The example that shows the basic difference between conjugated diene and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 1

Figure 1

In conjugated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are delocalized, whereas in isolated diene, electrons in the pi bonds are localized.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 2

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 3

Figure 2

Diene is a hydrocarbon that contains two C=C double bonds in a compound.

Conjugated diene consists of two double bonds that are separated by a single bond, whereas isolated diene also consists of two double bond but they are separated by two more carbon atoms. Therefore, carbon atoms of a conjugated double bond are sp2 hybridized, whereas carbon atoms of a isolated double bond is one or more sp3 hybridized.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 4

Figure 3

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 are isolated, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated.

Answer 15

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated or isolated is rightfully stated.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as E or Z.

Concept introduction: The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 2

The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as E or Z is rightfully stated.

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. The each double bond in NPD1 is to be labeled as E or Z.

Concept introduction: The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

Answer 21

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 5

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Answer 22

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 6

Figure 2

The prefix E and Z depends upon the location of the higher priority groups. When two higher priority groups are present on the opposite side then it is an E isomer, whereas when two higher priority groups are present on the same side then it is Z isomer.

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 7

Figure 4

The double bond present between C4−C5, C7−C8 and C19−C20 have Z conformation, whereas double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 are have E conformation.

Answer 23

Conclusion

The each double bond in NPD1 as E or Z is rightfully stated.

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. For each conjugated system in NPD1 is to be labeled as s−cis or s−trans conformation.

Concept introduction: “If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 2

“If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Conclusion

The s−cis and s−trans conformation for each conjugated system in NPD1 is rightfully stated.

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Expert Solution

Answer 27

Expert Solution

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: Neuroprotectin D1 is synthesized in the body from highly unsaturated essential fatty acids. NPD1 is a potent natural anti-inflammatory agent. For each conjugated system in NPD1 is to be labeled as s−cis or s−trans conformation.

Concept introduction: “If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

Answer 29

Answer to Problem 16.11P

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 8

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.

The double bonds between C13−C14 and C15−C16 are on opposite side of the single bond C14−C15 and thus, have s−trans conformation.

Answer 30

Explanation of Solution

The given structure of NPD1 is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 9

Figure 2

“If the two double bonds are on the same side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−cis conformation, whereas if the two double bonds are on the opposite side of the single bond joining the two double bonds, then it is known as s−trans conformation.”

The each double bond in NPD1 as conjugated and isolated diene is shown below.

Organic Chemistry, Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P , additional homework tip 10

Figure 3

The double bond present between C11−C12, C13−C14 and C15−C16 are conjugated. The double bonds between C11−C12 and C13−C14 are on same side of the single bond C12−C13 and thus, have s−cis conformation.