Chapter 16, Problem 16.11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The average rate over the entire experiment has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative rates and stoichiometry: During a chemical reaction, amounts of reactant decrease with time and amounts of products increases.

$\text{Reaction Rate}\text{ = - }\frac{\text{1}}{\text{coefficient}}\frac{\text{Δ[reactants]}}{\text{Δt}}\text{ = +}\frac{\text{1}}{\text{coefficient}}\frac{\text{Δ[products]}}{\text{Δt}}$

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The rate at time $x$ has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative rates and stoichiometry: During a chemical reaction, amounts of reactant decrease with time and amounts of products increases.

$\text{Reaction Rate}\text{ = - }\frac{\text{1}}{\text{coefficient}}\frac{\text{Δ[reactants]}}{\text{Δt}}\text{ = +}\frac{\text{1}}{\text{coefficient}}\frac{\text{Δ[products]}}{\text{Δt}}$

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The initial reaction rate has to be determined.

Concept introduction:

Relative rates and stoichiometry: During a chemical reaction, amounts of reactant decrease with time and amounts of products increases.

$\text{Reaction Rate}\text{ = - }\frac{\text{1}}{\text{coefficient}}\frac{\text{Δ[reactants]}}{\text{Δt}}\text{ = +}\frac{\text{1}}{\text{coefficient}}\frac{\text{Δ[products]}}{\text{Δt}}$

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

By plotting $\left[\text{D}\right]$ verses time, whether the values in parts (a, b, and c) either be different or same has to be explained.

Concept introduction:

Relative rates and stoichiometry: During a chemical reaction, amounts of reactant decrease with time and amounts of products increases.

$\text{Reaction Rate}\text{ = - }\frac{\text{1}}{\text{coefficient}}\frac{\text{Δ[reactants]}}{\text{Δt}}\text{ = +}\frac{\text{1}}{\text{coefficient}}\frac{\text{Δ[products]}}{\text{Δt}}$