Chapter 16, Problem 12A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When ${\text{HClO}}_{\text{4}}$ is reacting with water then it behaves as the acid is to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

An acid is a compound that gives hydronium ion or hydrogen ion when dissolved in water.

Answer to Problem 12A

When ${\text{HClO}}_{\text{4}}$ dissolved in water then it produces hydronium ion.

  ${\text{HClO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

According to the reaction,

  ${\text{HClO}}_{\text{4}}\left(\text{aq}\right){\text{+H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

When ${\text{HClO}}_{\text{4}}$ is dissolved with water then it gives hydronium ion and sulfate ion by donating the hydrogen ion.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

When ${\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ ion dissolved in water, how it behaves as the acid is to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Acid is a compound that gives hydronium ion or hydrogen ion by dissolving in water.

Answer to Problem 12A

When ${\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ ion reacts with water, then it forms hydronium ion which is given in the reaction

  ${\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

According to reaction,

  ${\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{CH}}_{\text{3}}{\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}{}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

When ${\text{HC}}_{\text{2}}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ dissolved in water then it donates the hydrogen ion to the water and then forms the hydronium ion.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

On dissolving in water, how ${\text{HSO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}$ ion behaves as acid, it needs to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Acids are those compounds which give hydrogen ions or hydronium ion on dissolving in water.

Answer to Problem 12A

The reaction which represents the acidic behavior of ${\text{HSO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}$ ion is

  ${\text{HSO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

The reaction that shows, the given species is an acidic in nature

  ${\text{HSO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{SO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-2}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

In this, the ${\text{HSO}}_{\text{3}}{}^{\text{-}}$ ion donates the hydrogen to the water molecule and form hydronium ion and sulfate ion.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The $\text{HBr}$ ion behaves as an acid on dissolving in water that fact is to be explained.

Concept Introduction :

Acids are those compounds which give hydronium ions on dissolving in water.

Answer to Problem 12A

The reaction which represents the acidic behavior of $\text{HBr}$ ion is

  $\text{HBr}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{Br}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$

Explanation of Solution

When $\text{HBr}$ is dissolved in water then it donate the hydrogen to the water molecule and form bromide ion and hydronium ion which is given in the below reaction.

  $\text{HBr}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}\left(\text{l}\right)\rightleftharpoons {\text{Br}}^{\text{-}}\left(\text{aq}\right)\text{+}{\text{H}}_{\text{3}}{\text{O}}^{\text{+}}\left(\text{aq}\right)$