The process by which ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells and give reasons for the same. Introduction: Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15.3, Problem 41CQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The process by which ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells and give reasons for the same.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The expected result, if the same experiment had been conducted on bacterial cells.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason that some of proteins produced contained extra amino acids while others contained fewer amino acids.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15.3, Problem 41CQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The process by which ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells and give reasons for the same.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The expected result, if the same experiment had been conducted on bacterial cells.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason that some of proteins produced contained extra amino acids while others contained fewer amino acids.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15.3, Problem 41CQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The process by which ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells and give reasons for the same.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The expected result, if the same experiment had been conducted on bacterial cells.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason that some of proteins produced contained extra amino acids while others contained fewer amino acids.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15.3, Problem 41CQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The process by which ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells and give reasons for the same.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The expected result, if the same experiment had been conducted on bacterial cells.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason that some of proteins produced contained extra amino acids while others contained fewer amino acids.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15.3, Problem 41CQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The process by which ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells and give reasons for the same.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The expected result, if the same experiment had been conducted on bacterial cells.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason that some of proteins produced contained extra amino acids while others contained fewer amino acids.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

Answer 6

Chapter 15.3, Problem 41CQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The process by which ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells and give reasons for the same.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

Answer 7

Chapter 15.3, Problem 41CQ

(a)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The process by which ribosome recognizes the starting point for translation in eukaryotic cells and give reasons for the same.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

Answer 8

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The expected result, if the same experiment had been conducted on bacterial cells.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

Answer 9

(b)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The expected result, if the same experiment had been conducted on bacterial cells.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

Answer 10

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason that some of proteins produced contained extra amino acids while others contained fewer amino acids.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

Answer 11

(c)

Summary Introduction

To determine:

The reason that some of proteins produced contained extra amino acids while others contained fewer amino acids.

Introduction:

Protein synthesis involves translation of mRNA into protein that requires three complex stages: initiation, elongation, and termination. For the translation process to be completed, it requires several elements, such as ribosomes, tRNA, initiation factor, elongation factor, start codon, stop codon, release factor and so on. Translation process is completed when the ribosome translocates to a stop codon. If any one of the component of translational machinery were omitted then the process of protein synthesis will be affected.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 16AQP Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 17AQP Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1CC Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 1COQ Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 2CC Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 18AQP Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 19AQP Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 20AQP Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 21AQP Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 22AQP

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