(a) Interpretation: The chiral center needs to be drawn for the hydroxydihydrocitronellal compound. Concept introduction: A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as the carbon atom attached to 4 different groups. The non-superimposable mirror images of the chiral molecule are known as its enantiomer. Molecules with planes of symmetry do not have chirality. The plane bisecting an object into two identical halves is known as the plane of symmetry. A molecule having a plane of symmetry in any conformation is always identical to its mirror image and such molecules are achiral in nature.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 63P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chiral center needs to be drawn for the hydroxydihydrocitronellal compound.

Concept introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as the carbon atom attached to 4 different groups. The non-superimposable mirror images of the chiral molecule are known as its enantiomer. Molecules with planes of symmetry do not have chirality. The plane bisecting an object into two identical halves is known as the plane of symmetry. A molecule having a plane of symmetry in any conformation is always identical to its mirror image and such molecules are achiral in nature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellal needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The enantiomer is a non-superimposable mirror image of the molecule having a chiral center. A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as a carbon atom attached to 4 different groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The Fischer projections for enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellalneeds to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

For a molecule with a chiral center, the Fischer projection formula is written to describe the stereo arrangement of atoms in two dimensions. For large molecules with more than 1 stereocenters are also represent their stereochemistry using the Fischer Projection. The carbon chain of the molecule containing the chiral carbon center is represented as a vertical line with chiral carbon at the center. Two other groups are then horizontally arranged around the chiral carbon atom.

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5. Use the MS data to answer the questions on the next page. 14.0 1.4 15.0 8.1 100- MS-IW-5644 26.0 2.8 27.0 6.7 28.0 1.8 29.0 80 4.4 38.0 1.0 39.0 1.5 41.0 1.2 42.0 11.2 43.0 100.0 44.0 4.3 79.0 1.9 80.0 2.6 Relative Intensity 40 81.0 1.9 82.0 2.5 93.0 8.7 20- 95.0 8.2 121.0 2.0 123.0 2.0 136.0 11.8 0 138.0 11.5 20 40 8. 60 a. Br - 0 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 m/z Identify the m/z of the base peak and molecular ion. 2 b. Draw structures for each of the following fragments (include electrons and charges): 43.0, 93.0, 95.0, 136.0, and 138.0 m/z. C. Draw a reasonable a-fragmentation mechanism for the fragmentation of the molecular ion to fragment 43.0 m/z. Be sure to include all electrons and formal charges. 6. Using the values provided in Appendix E of your lab manual, calculate the monoisotopic mass for the pyridinium ion (CsH6N) and show your work.

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Stereochemistry: Three possible answers- diastereomers, enantiomers OH CH₂OH I -c=0 21108 1101 41745 HOR CH₂OH IL Но CH₂OH TIL a. Compounds I and III have this relationship with each other: enantiomers b. Compounds II and IV have this relationship with each other: c. Compounds I and II have this relationship with each other: d. *Draw one structure that is a stereoisomer of II, but neither a diastereomer nor an enantiomer. (more than one correct answer)

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 63P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chiral center needs to be drawn for the hydroxydihydrocitronellal compound.

Concept introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as the carbon atom attached to 4 different groups. The non-superimposable mirror images of the chiral molecule are known as its enantiomer. Molecules with planes of symmetry do not have chirality. The plane bisecting an object into two identical halves is known as the plane of symmetry. A molecule having a plane of symmetry in any conformation is always identical to its mirror image and such molecules are achiral in nature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellal needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The enantiomer is a non-superimposable mirror image of the molecule having a chiral center. A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as a carbon atom attached to 4 different groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The Fischer projections for enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellalneeds to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

For a molecule with a chiral center, the Fischer projection formula is written to describe the stereo arrangement of atoms in two dimensions. For large molecules with more than 1 stereocenters are also represent their stereochemistry using the Fischer Projection. The carbon chain of the molecule containing the chiral carbon center is represented as a vertical line with chiral carbon at the center. Two other groups are then horizontally arranged around the chiral carbon atom.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 63P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chiral center needs to be drawn for the hydroxydihydrocitronellal compound.

Concept introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as the carbon atom attached to 4 different groups. The non-superimposable mirror images of the chiral molecule are known as its enantiomer. Molecules with planes of symmetry do not have chirality. The plane bisecting an object into two identical halves is known as the plane of symmetry. A molecule having a plane of symmetry in any conformation is always identical to its mirror image and such molecules are achiral in nature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellal needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The enantiomer is a non-superimposable mirror image of the molecule having a chiral center. A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as a carbon atom attached to 4 different groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The Fischer projections for enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellalneeds to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

For a molecule with a chiral center, the Fischer projection formula is written to describe the stereo arrangement of atoms in two dimensions. For large molecules with more than 1 stereocenters are also represent their stereochemistry using the Fischer Projection. The carbon chain of the molecule containing the chiral carbon center is represented as a vertical line with chiral carbon at the center. Two other groups are then horizontally arranged around the chiral carbon atom.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 15, Problem 63P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chiral center needs to be drawn for the hydroxydihydrocitronellal compound.

Concept introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as the carbon atom attached to 4 different groups. The non-superimposable mirror images of the chiral molecule are known as its enantiomer. Molecules with planes of symmetry do not have chirality. The plane bisecting an object into two identical halves is known as the plane of symmetry. A molecule having a plane of symmetry in any conformation is always identical to its mirror image and such molecules are achiral in nature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellal needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The enantiomer is a non-superimposable mirror image of the molecule having a chiral center. A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as a carbon atom attached to 4 different groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The Fischer projections for enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellalneeds to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

For a molecule with a chiral center, the Fischer projection formula is written to describe the stereo arrangement of atoms in two dimensions. For large molecules with more than 1 stereocenters are also represent their stereochemistry using the Fischer Projection. The carbon chain of the molecule containing the chiral carbon center is represented as a vertical line with chiral carbon at the center. Two other groups are then horizontally arranged around the chiral carbon atom.

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Answer 5

Chapter 15, Problem 63P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chiral center needs to be drawn for the hydroxydihydrocitronellal compound.

Concept introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as the carbon atom attached to 4 different groups. The non-superimposable mirror images of the chiral molecule are known as its enantiomer. Molecules with planes of symmetry do not have chirality. The plane bisecting an object into two identical halves is known as the plane of symmetry. A molecule having a plane of symmetry in any conformation is always identical to its mirror image and such molecules are achiral in nature.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellal needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The enantiomer is a non-superimposable mirror image of the molecule having a chiral center. A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as a carbon atom attached to 4 different groups.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The Fischer projections for enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellalneeds to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

For a molecule with a chiral center, the Fischer projection formula is written to describe the stereo arrangement of atoms in two dimensions. For large molecules with more than 1 stereocenters are also represent their stereochemistry using the Fischer Projection. The carbon chain of the molecule containing the chiral carbon center is represented as a vertical line with chiral carbon at the center. Two other groups are then horizontally arranged around the chiral carbon atom.

Answer 6

Chapter 15, Problem 63P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chiral center needs to be drawn for the hydroxydihydrocitronellal compound.

Concept introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as the carbon atom attached to 4 different groups. The non-superimposable mirror images of the chiral molecule are known as its enantiomer. Molecules with planes of symmetry do not have chirality. The plane bisecting an object into two identical halves is known as the plane of symmetry. A molecule having a plane of symmetry in any conformation is always identical to its mirror image and such molecules are achiral in nature.

Answer 7

Chapter 15, Problem 63P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The chiral center needs to be drawn for the hydroxydihydrocitronellal compound.

Concept introduction:

A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as the carbon atom attached to 4 different groups. The non-superimposable mirror images of the chiral molecule are known as its enantiomer. Molecules with planes of symmetry do not have chirality. The plane bisecting an object into two identical halves is known as the plane of symmetry. A molecule having a plane of symmetry in any conformation is always identical to its mirror image and such molecules are achiral in nature.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellal needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The enantiomer is a non-superimposable mirror image of the molecule having a chiral center. A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as a carbon atom attached to 4 different groups.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellal needs to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

The enantiomer is a non-superimposable mirror image of the molecule having a chiral center. A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as a carbon atom attached to 4 different groups.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The Fischer projections for enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellalneeds to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

For a molecule with a chiral center, the Fischer projection formula is written to describe the stereo arrangement of atoms in two dimensions. For large molecules with more than 1 stereocenters are also represent their stereochemistry using the Fischer Projection. The carbon chain of the molecule containing the chiral carbon center is represented as a vertical line with chiral carbon at the center. Two other groups are then horizontally arranged around the chiral carbon atom.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The Fischer projections for enantiomers of hydroxydihydrocitronellalneeds to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

For a molecule with a chiral center, the Fischer projection formula is written to describe the stereo arrangement of atoms in two dimensions. For large molecules with more than 1 stereocenters are also represent their stereochemistry using the Fischer Projection. The carbon chain of the molecule containing the chiral carbon center is represented as a vertical line with chiral carbon at the center. Two other groups are then horizontally arranged around the chiral carbon atom.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 15.1P Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 15.1PP Ch. 15.1 - For trans-2-hexene: (a) draw a stereoisomer; (b)...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.3P Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.4P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.2PP Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.5P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.6P Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.3PP Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.7P

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