General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781259883989
Author: by Janice Smith
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Question
Chapter 15, Problem 61P
Interpretation Introduction
(a)
Interpretation:
The chiral center in the lactic acid needs to be located.
Concept introduction:
A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as the carbon atom attached to 4 different groups. The non-superimposable mirror images of the chiral molecule are known as its enantiomer. Molecules with planes of symmetry do not have chirality. The plane bisecting an object into two identical halves is known as the plane of symmetry. A molecule having a plane of symmetry in any conformation is always identical to its mirror image and such molecules are achiral in nature.
Interpretation Introduction
(b)
Interpretation:
The enantiomers of lactic acid needs to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
The enantiomer is a non-superimposable mirror image of the molecule having a chiral center. A molecule is said to be chiral if it is asymmetric in nature. The chiral carbon is defined as the carbon atom attached to 4 different groups.
Interpretation Introduction
(c)
Interpretation:
The Fischer projections for enantiomers of Lactic acid needs to be drawn.
Concept introduction:
For a molecule with a chiral center, the Fischer projection formula is written to describe the stereo arrangement of atoms in two dimensions. For large molecules with more than 1 stereocenters are also represent their stereochemistry using the Fischer Projection. The carbon chain of the molecule containing the chiral carbon center is represented as a vertical line with chiral carbon at the center. Two other groups are then horizontally arranged around the chiral carbon atom.
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3.22
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1.00-L samples of this gas mixture are mixed with
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combustion. The final volume is measured at 0 °C and 1
atm. Which graph best depicts the final volume as a
function of the volume of added O2?
(A)
2.00
1.75
Final Volume, L
1.50
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.50
2.00
(B)
1.75
1.50
Final Volume, L
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50-
0.25
0.00
0.75
1.00
0.00
0.25
Volume O₂ added, L
2
0.50
0.75
1.00
Volume O₂ added, L
2
2.00
2.00
(C)
(D)
1.75
1.75
1.50
1.50
Final Volume, L
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
Final Volume, L
1.25
1.00
0.75
0.50
0.25
0.25
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.25
0.50
0.75
1.00
0.00
0.25
Volume O₂ added, L
0.50
0.75
1.00
Volume O₂ added, L
2
Leucine is an essential amino acid with the systematic name 2-amino-3-methylpentanoic acid. It has pai
2.36 and pKa2 = 9.60.
H2N-C(R)H-COOH and R is -CH2-CH(CH3)2
A. Draw the condensed structure for leucine, and label all chirality centers with an asterisk.
B. How many possible stereoisomers of leucine are there?
C. Draw a Fischer projection of L-leucine and label the chirality center(s) as R or S.
D. What is the p/ of leucine?
E. Draw the structure of the predominant form of leucine at 10.00.
F.
Draw the structure of the predominant form of leucine at pH = 1.50.
G. Leucine is described as an essential amino acid. What does this mean?
H. Show the alkyl halide you would use to prepare leucine by the amidomalonate method.
=
Chapter 15 Solutions
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
Ch. 15.1 - Prob. 15.1PCh. 15.1 - Prob. 15.1PPCh. 15.1 - For trans-2-hexene: (a) draw a stereoisomer; (b)...Ch. 15.2 - Prob. 15.3PCh. 15.2 - Prob. 15.4PCh. 15.3 - Prob. 15.2PPCh. 15.3 - Prob. 15.5PCh. 15.3 - Prob. 15.6PCh. 15.3 - Prob. 15.3PPCh. 15.3 - Prob. 15.7P
Ch. 15.3 - Prob. 15.8PCh. 15.3 - Prob. 15.9PCh. 15.4 - Prob. 15.4PPCh. 15.4 - Prob. 15.10PCh. 15.4 - Prob. 15.11PCh. 15.4 - Prob. 15.12PCh. 15.5 - Prob. 15.13PCh. 15.6 - Prob. 15.5PPCh. 15.6 - Prob. 15.14PCh. 15.6 - Prob. 15.15PCh. 15.7 - Prob. 15.16PCh. 15.7 - Prob. 15.17PCh. 15.7 - Prob. 15.6PPCh. 15.7 - Prob. 15.18PCh. 15.8 - Prob. 15.7PPCh. 15.8 - Prob. 15.19PCh. 15.9 - Prob. 15.20PCh. 15 - Prob. 21PCh. 15 - Prob. 22PCh. 15 - Prob. 23PCh. 15 - Prob. 24PCh. 15 - Prob. 25PCh. 15 - Prob. 26PCh. 15 - Prob. 27PCh. 15 - Prob. 28PCh. 15 - Prob. 29PCh. 15 - Prob. 30PCh. 15 - Prob. 31PCh. 15 - Prob. 32PCh. 15 - Prob. 33PCh. 15 - Prob. 34PCh. 15 - Prob. 35PCh. 15 - Prob. 36PCh. 15 - How are the compounds in each pair related? Are...Ch. 15 - Prob. 38PCh. 15 - Prob. 39PCh. 15 - Prob. 40PCh. 15 - Prob. 41PCh. 15 - Prob. 42PCh. 15 - Prob. 43PCh. 15 - Prob. 44PCh. 15 - Prob. 45PCh. 15 - Prob. 46PCh. 15 - Prob. 47PCh. 15 - Prob. 48PCh. 15 - Prob. 49PCh. 15 - Prob. 50PCh. 15 - (a) Define the terms “optically active” and...Ch. 15 - Prob. 52PCh. 15 - Prob. 53PCh. 15 - Prob. 54PCh. 15 - Prob. 55PCh. 15 - Prob. 56PCh. 15 - Prob. 57PCh. 15 - Prob. 58PCh. 15 - Prob. 59PCh. 15 - Prob. 60PCh. 15 - Prob. 61PCh. 15 - Prob. 62PCh. 15 - Prob. 63PCh. 15 - Prob. 64PCh. 15 - Prob. 65PCh. 15 - Prob. 66PCh. 15 - Prob. 67CPCh. 15 - Prob. 68CP
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