ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES
6th Edition
ISBN: 9781260406092
Author: HARTWELL, Leland, HOOD, Leroy, Goldberg, Michael
Publisher: Mcgraw-hill Education/stony Brook University
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Chapter 15, Problem 5P

The human mitochondrial genome includes no genes for tRNA synthetases.

a. How are mitochondrial tRNAs charged with amino acids?
b. Given your answer to part (a), explain how AUA can specify Met in mitochondria but Ile in the nucleus.
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Many clinically relevant mitochondrial diseases are caused by mutations in mitochondrial genes affecting tRNAs. For example, one form of MELAS (mitochondrial myopathy, encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) is caused by a point mutation in the gene encoding the mitochondrial tRNA whose anticodon recognizes the codons 5' UUA and 5' UUG. The mutation makes the aminoacylation of this tRNA inefficient. a. The rate of synthesis of most mitochondrial proteins is either unaffected or slightly decreased in MELAS cells, but one mitochondrial protein called NAD6 is synthesized at only 10% of the normal rate. How is it possible that the translation of this single mitochondrial protein might be affected specifically?
Bovine insulin is composed of two polypeptide chains that are linked together covalently. The two chains have the following sequences: GIVEQCCASVCSLYQLENYCN - A chain FVNQHLCGSHLVEALYLVCGERGFFYTPKA - B chain a. Through which amino acids are these two chains linked together covalently? b. How many different ways can these two chains be linked? c. Of the different connectivities you enumerated in part b, which is the biologically active form?
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Chapter 15 Solutions

ND STONY BROOK UNIVERSITY LOOSELEAF GENETICS: FROM GENES TO GENOMES

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Mitochondrial mutations; Author: Useful Genetics;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvgXe-3RJeU;License: CC-BY