Concept explainers
a.
To predict:
The sequence of the
Using the template strand of the DNA with the sequence
Introduction:
The sequence of the m-RNA, is copied from the DNA by the process transcription and the amino acid sequence from the m-RNA is formed by the process of translation. Both of these processes lead to gene expression in eukaryotes.
b.
To predict:
The amino acid sequence of the protein.
Using the template strand of the DNA with the sequence
Introduction:
The sequence of the m-RNA, is copied from the DNA by the process transcription and the amino acid sequence from the m-RNA is formed by the process of translation. Both of these processes lead to gene expression in eukaryotes.
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Biology
- DNA from a eukaryotic gene was isolated, denatured, and hybridized to the mRNA transcribed from the gene; the hybridized structure was then observed with an electron microscope. The adjoining diagram shows the structure that was observed. a. Identify and label the exons and introns in this hybridized structure.arrow_forwardConsider the following DNA sequence, which codes for a short polypeptide: 5'-ATGGGCTTAGCGTAGGTTAGT-3' Determine the mRNA transcript of this sequence. You have to write these sequences from the 5' end to the 3' end and indicate those ends as shown in the original sequence in order to get the full mark. How many amino acids will make up this polypeptide? Determine the first four anticodons that will be used in order to translate this sequence.arrow_forwardA molecular geneticist hopes to find a Gene in human liver cell that codes for an important blood-clotting protein,he knows that the nucleotide sequence of a small part of the Gene is GTGGACTGACA.briefly explain how to obtain genearrow_forward
- DNA from a eukaryotic gene was isolated, denatured, and hybridized to the mRNA transcribed from the gene; the hybridized structure was then observed with an electron microscope. The adjoining diagram shows the structure that was observed. a. How many introns and exons are there in this gene? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardAssume a bacterial gene underwent a mutation, where a thymine base from an early portion of the coding sequence of the DNA is replaced with a cytosine (as illustrated below). Original sequence (coding strand): AGTTCCTACAAAATGGAGCTGTCTTGGCATGTAGTCTTT ...[Sequence continues with another 80 bases] New sequence: AGTTCCCACAAAATGGAGCTGTCTTGGCATGTAGTCTTT...[Sequence continues with another 80 bases] UAC encodes tyrosine, CAC encodes histine, per the coding table. (This question can be answered without use of the code table, but it is provided here as a resource.) What would the expected result of such a mutation be on the final protein product of the mutated gene (compared to the original, non-mutant product)? The protein will be very different from the original version, and likely non-functional. The protein will be cut short, ending after the first amino acid. There will be no protein produced at all. No change – the protein will be the same.…arrow_forwardConsider a stretch of DNA (a hypothetical gene) that has the sequence 5’ ATG-CTA-TCA-TGG-TTC-TAA 3’ A) Transcribe and translate this gene using the genetic code table. Be sure to label the mRNA 3’ and 5’ ends. Write the amino acid sequence using 1 letter abbreviations. B) Now, our hypothetical gene has undergone a mutation. The mutant sequence is....3’ TAC-GAT-AGT-ACC-AAT-ATT 5’5’ ATG-CTA-TCA-TGG-TTA-TAA 3’ Transcribe and translate the mutant sequence. Be sure to label the mRNA 3’ and 5’ ends. Write the amino acid sequence using 1 letter abbreviations. C) Indicate the type of mutation (nonsense, missense, silent, or frame shift) present. D) How severe of a consequence will this mutation likely be in terms of protein function (none, mild, moderate or severe)? Why?arrow_forward
- Write down the complementary mRNA sequence for each of the following DNA sequence. A: TACCTAGCGCACATGTAGGTGGGCAAAGTT B: TAC ATG GTT ACA GTC TAT TAG ATG CTA TTT ACT TAGarrow_forwardRefer to the double stranded DNA molecule with the sequence below to answer the following questions: 5’ATATGGGTCTCGATAGGGCTGTTTTCTCCGGC 3’ 3’TATACCCAGAGCTATCCCGACAAAAGAGGCCG 5’ Which strand functions as the transcription template, the top one or the bottom one? Explain your reasoning. What is the mRNA transcript and polypeptide from this strand? In the space below, copy the DNA strand that is transcribed, and write the mRNA transcript and polypeptide chain below it. Align the mRNA and polypeptide so that it is clear which DNA bases they came from. DNA strand: mRNA: amino acid sequence:arrow_forwardShown below is a portion of a wild-type DNA sequence that encodes the last amino acids of a protein that is 270 amino acids long. The first three bolded base pairs indicate the frame and include the coding region. 5^ ...GCTAAGTATTGCTCAAGATTAGGATGATAAATAACTGG 3^ 3^.. CGATTCATAACGAGTTCTAATCCTACTATTTATTGACC 5^ Which strand is the template strand for transcription of this gene? Briefly explain how you know. An insertion of one base pair causes the protein to decrease in length by seven amino acids. With respect to the sequence given above, where does this insertion occur? A change of one base pair leads to the protein increasing in the length by one amino acid. With respect to the sequence given above, which base pair would you change, and what would you change this base pair for the protein to increase in the length by one amino acid?arrow_forward
- A molecular geneticist hopes to find a gene in human liver cells that codes for an important blood-clotting protein. He knows that the nucleotide sequence of a small part of the gene is GTGGAСTGACA. Briefly explain how to obtain the desired gene.arrow_forwardBelow is a DNA sequence of the coding strand for a small gene. This gene has no introns. +1 5'- TATAAGATGCGTAGGATGCAGCTGTTTCAGCAGCCACGGTCTCGGCCCAGATAGCAGATAATAAACACGC GTA-3 a. Is this gene for an eukaryote or a prokaryote? Give one reason (. b. How many amino acids are expected to be coded by this gene? c. There are five underlined nucleotide sequences, interpret the purpose of three of them ONLY?arrow_forwardA strand of DNA contains this nucleotide sequence: TACTGCCTCCCCATAAGAATT. The corresponding nucleotide sequence of the mRNA strand from this DNA template is as follows: AUGACGGAGGGGUAUUCUUAA. Q: What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide that is produced form the mRNA strand? As well, draw a labelled diagram of the mRNA molecule being transcribed from this strand of DNA.arrow_forward
- Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Co...BiologyISBN:9781305251052Author:Michael CummingsPublisher:Cengage Learning