Using the envelope depiction we presented in class, draw out chemical structures for thefollowing oligonucleotides. You can abbreviate the bases as Ade, Cyt, Gua, Thy, Ura. A. d(GACA)B. p(d(TATA))C. GUCUp

TerpenesA. Provide a reasonable mechanism for the production of geranyl pyrophosphate from IPP andDMAPPB. How many molecules of IPP and how many molecules of DMAPP would you need to makefarnesyl pyrophosphate

Draw the enol form of Thymine, and show how this tautomer could form a Watson-Crickbase pair with Guanine. If this happened, what would be the consequence?

Consider the two isoprenoid precursors IPP and DMAPP.A. Which one is more susceptible to SN1 reaction? Explain your answerB. Which is a more likely nucleophile? Explain your answer

Draw the structure of the anti-HIV drug AZT (zidovudine), which stops retro-viral DNAsynthesis. When AZT is taken up by cells, it is converted to AZT triphosphate. Explain how thiscompound could interfere with DNA synthesis

In the mevalonate pathway, three acetyl-CoA are combined to give a C5 product, IPP.A. Write out a 5-step general acid/general base mechanism to explain how HMG-CoA isformed from 3 acetyl-CoA (Note: we are leaving out some details. The enzyme HMG-CoA actuallyuses its Cys residues to accept acetyl groups from 2 acetyl-CoA, making new thioesters and liberatingCoASH) B. Two NADPH and two H+ are required to form mevalonic acid from HMG-CoA. Circle the Hatoms that came from NADPH, and put a square around any H atoms that came from H+.C. Three ATP are used to convert mevalonic acid to IPP. Explain the role of each ATP molecule

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Energy A enzyme substrate enzyme substrate complex B + +- enzyme + product + Reaction progress 2a. Is this reaction spontaneous? Explain your answer. I

2b. Is ATP required for this reaction to proceed? Explain.